Field of Developmental Medicine, Health Research Course, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-City, Japan.
Field of Developmental Medicine, Health Research Course, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-City, Japan.
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2019 Aug;156(2):257-265. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.09.013.
Children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) exhibit snoring and mouth breathing. They are also reported to show obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. However, their upper airway ventilation condition is not clearly understood. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate upper airway ventilation condition in children with UCLP with the use of computational fluid dynamics.
Twenty-one children (12 boys, 9 girls; mean age 9.1 years) with UCLP and 25 children (13 boys, 12 girls; mean age 9.2 years) without UCLP who required orthodontic treatment underwent cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Nasal resistance and upper airway ventilation condition were evaluated with the use of computational fluid dynamics from CBCT data. The groups were compared with the use of Mann-Whitney U tests and Student t tests.
Nasal resistance of the UCLP group (0.97 Pa/cm/s) was significantly higher than that of the control group (0.26 Pa/cm/s; P < 0.001). Maximal pressure of the upper airway (335.02 Pa) was significantly higher in the UCLP group than in the control group (67.57 Pa; P < 0.001). Pharyngeal airway (from choanae to base of epiglottis) pressure in the UCLP group (140.46 Pa) was significantly higher than in the control group (15.92 Pa; P < 0.02).
Upper airway obstruction in children with UCLP resulted from both nasal and pharyngeal airway effects.
患有单侧唇裂腭裂（UCLP）的儿童会出现打鼾和口呼吸。据报道，他们还患有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征。然而，他们的上呼吸道通气状况并不清楚。因此，本研究使用计算流体动力学来评估 UCLP 儿童的上呼吸道通气状况。
21 名患有 UCLP 的儿童（男 12 名，女 9 名；平均年龄 9.1 岁）和 25 名无 UCLP 但需要正畸治疗的儿童（男 13 名，女 12 名；平均年龄 9.2 岁）接受了锥形束 CT（CBCT）检查。使用计算流体动力学从 CBCT 数据评估鼻阻力和上呼吸道通气状况。使用 Mann-Whitney U 检验和 Student t 检验比较两组。
UCLP 组的鼻阻力（0.97 Pa/cm/s）明显高于对照组（0.26 Pa/cm/s；P < 0.001）。UCLP 组的上呼吸道最大压力（335.02 Pa）明显高于对照组（67.57 Pa；P < 0.001）。UCLP 组的咽气道（从后鼻孔到会厌基底）压力（140.46 Pa）明显高于对照组（15.92 Pa；P < 0.02）。
UCLP 儿童的上呼吸道阻塞是由鼻气道和咽气道共同作用引起的。
