All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110005, India.
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110005, India.
Asian J Psychiatr. 2019 Aug;44:150-155. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.07.034. Epub 2019 Jul 24.
Sleep research has often focussed heavily on polysomnography while ignoring subjective sleep complaints of individuals, especially the young ones. Discordance has been seen between objective and subjective parameters of sleep among children and adolescents. There has been a trend towards worsening of sleep hygiene among adolescents, which may predispose to psychiatric disorders like depression. So, we compared the subjective sleep quality and sleep hygiene among depressed and normal adolescents. A sample of 31 depressed adolescents and 32 healthy controls were compared on sleep parameters using Adolescent Sleep Wake Scale (ASWS), Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale (ASHS) and School Sleep Habits Survey. Depressed adolescents were found to have significantly worse sleep quality [ASWS score 3.72 ± 0.952 vs 4.79 ± 0.552, p < 0.001], longer sleep onset latency [68.23 ± 62.98 vs 19.53 ± 19.48 minutes, p < 0.001], and shorter sleep duration [414.19 ± 110.78 vs 498.28 ± 56.86 minutes, p < 0.001]. Sleep quality significantly correlated with depression severity (measured on Children's Depression Rating Scale- revised), i.e., higher the severity of depression, poorer was the sleep quality (r = -0.605, p < 0.01). But sleep hygiene was statistically similar between the two groups [ASHS score 3.21 ± 0.60 vs 3.36 ± 0.51, p = 0.293], and was inadequate (< 3.8) among all adolescents irrespective of depression. Hence, despite the lack of evidence from objective sleep measures, there seem to be subjective sleep impairments among adolescents having depression. Future research needs to address the underlying etiological factors and causal directions for depression and sleep impairments among adolescents. Sleep hygiene education must be a part of broader primary prevention strategies for psychiatric disorders.
睡眠研究通常非常关注多导睡眠图，而忽略了个体的主观睡眠抱怨，尤其是年轻人。在儿童和青少年中，已经观察到客观和主观睡眠参数之间存在不和谐。青少年的睡眠卫生状况有恶化的趋势，这可能导致抑郁等精神障碍。因此，我们比较了抑郁和正常青少年的主观睡眠质量和睡眠卫生。使用青少年睡眠觉醒量表 (ASWS)、青少年睡眠卫生量表 (ASHS) 和学校睡眠习惯调查，对 31 名抑郁青少年和 32 名健康对照组进行了睡眠参数比较。与健康对照组相比，抑郁青少年的睡眠质量明显更差[ASWS 评分 3.72±0.952 与 4.79±0.552，p<0.001]，入睡潜伏期更长[68.23±62.98 与 19.53±19.48 分钟，p<0.001]，睡眠时间更短[414.19±110.78 与 498.28±56.86 分钟，p<0.001]。睡眠质量与抑郁严重程度（使用儿童抑郁评定量表修订版测量）显著相关，即抑郁程度越高，睡眠质量越差（r=-0.605，p<0.01）。但是，两组之间的睡眠卫生在统计学上没有差异[ASHS 评分 3.21±0.60 与 3.36±0.51，p=0.293]，并且所有青少年的睡眠卫生都不足（<3.8），无论是否患有抑郁症。因此，尽管缺乏客观睡眠测量的证据，但抑郁青少年似乎存在主观睡眠障碍。未来的研究需要解决青少年抑郁和睡眠障碍的潜在病因和因果方向。睡眠卫生教育必须成为精神障碍综合初级预防策略的一部分。
