Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Behavioral Biology Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Sleep Health. 2019 Dec;5(6):651-657. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2019.06.009. Epub 2019 Jul 31.
The current study sought to characterize the sleep problems of soldiers entering Basic Combat Training and to identify the link between sleep problems and subsequent performance, psychological distress, anger reactions, and attention.
Soldiers were surveyed at 4 time points throughout the standard 10 weeks of Basic Combat Training. Surveys were administered at weeks 1, 3, 6, and 9. Sleep problems were identified as either present or absent at each time point using a sleep problem screening questionnaire. Four sleep patterns were identified and then used to evaluate outcomes throughout training (n = 1577).
When compared to those who never had a sleep problem ("healthy "; 60.6%), those who recovered from their initial sleep problem ("recovered"; 12.8%) started training with higher psychological distress and anger reactions and lower attention but steadily improved throughout training. Those who developed a sleep problem during training ("new onset"; 20.0%) and those who had a sleep problem throughout training ("chronic"; 6.6%) also started off significantly worse than the healthy group. The new-onset and chronic groups saw slower psychological distress improvement and a decline in attention throughout the course compared to the healthy group. The chronic group also significantly increased their anger reactions throughout training compared to the healthy group.
Sleep problems during Basic Combat Training may be an indicator for difficulties managing entry into the military. These findings highlight the importance of improving sleep health for soldiers throughout Basic Combat Training and for others with similar training in high-risk occupations.
本研究旨在描述新兵入伍基础战斗训练期间的睡眠问题，并确定睡眠问题与随后的表现、心理困扰、愤怒反应和注意力之间的联系。
新兵在基础战斗训练的 10 周标准时间内，分 4 个时间点接受调查。在第 1、3、6 和 9 周进行问卷调查。使用睡眠问题筛查问卷，在每个时间点确定是否存在睡眠问题。确定了 4 种睡眠模式，然后在整个训练过程中评估结果（n=1577）。
与从未出现睡眠问题的人（“健康”；60.6%）相比，那些从最初的睡眠问题中恢复的人（“恢复”；12.8%）在开始训练时心理困扰和愤怒反应更高，注意力较低，但在整个训练过程中稳步提高。那些在训练中出现睡眠问题的人（“新发病例”；20.0%）和那些在整个训练中都有睡眠问题的人（“慢性”；6.6%）也比健康组的起始状态明显更差。与健康组相比，新发病例组和慢性组在整个训练过程中心理困扰改善缓慢，注意力下降。与健康组相比，慢性组在整个训练过程中愤怒反应显著增加。
基础战斗训练期间的睡眠问题可能是新兵入伍后难以适应的一个指标。这些发现强调了在基础战斗训练期间改善士兵睡眠健康的重要性，也强调了在高风险职业中对其他具有类似训练的人员改善睡眠健康的重要性。
