Ministry of Municipality & Environment, Qatar.
Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Nov 25;693:133552. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.358. Epub 2019 Jul 23.
Urban runoff water from simulated rainfall for three different land uses (residential, industrial, commercial) at six different locations of Doha, Qatar was analysed for physico-chemical parameters such as, trace metals, pH, total suspended solids (TSS), total organic carbon (TOC), total phosphorus (TP), total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Rainfall events with two different intensities (40 mm/h and 20 mm/h) were simulated in a micro catchment area (4.55 × 4.55 m) using a specially designed portable rainfall simulator. Out of six sites, runoff samples were collected from five sites with paved surfaces. The study results demonstrated significant concentration of TSS, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in the urban runoff exceeding the Qatar Ministry of Municipality and Environment (MME) and Tropical Australian Standards. The first flush effect was also investigated during the experiment which exhibited first flush effect of selected pollutants (TSS, TKN, TP, TOC and heavy metals) at five study sites with impervious surfaces. The magnitude of the first flush varies across the study sites and was found to be affected by the surface texture of the sites. Analysis of variance revealed that, rainfall intensity has limited effect on the first flush in the studied scenarios, however, first flush effects showed relation with the event mean runoff concentration. Furthermore, strong positive correlations were observed between analysed water quality parameters, particularly between TSS, TOC and metals. This study is the first study investigating first flush in Qatar's capital, Doha which will provide a ground for future researcher to design appropriate stormwater treatment devices that will capture and treat the first flush for significant reduction of urban stormwater pollution.
对来自卡塔尔多哈六个不同地点的三种不同土地利用（住宅、工业、商业）的模拟降雨的城市径流水进行了物理化学参数分析，如痕量金属、pH 值、总悬浮固体 (TSS)、总有机碳 (TOC)、总磷 (TP)、总凯氏氮 (TKN) 和多环芳烃 (PAHs)。在一个 4.55m×4.55m 的微型集水区中，使用专门设计的便携式降雨模拟器模拟了两种不同强度（40mm/h 和 20mm/h）的降雨事件。在六个地点中，从五个有铺面的地点收集了径流样本。研究结果表明，城市径流中的 TSS、Cu、Fe、Mn 和 Zn 浓度显著高于卡塔尔市政和环境部 (MME) 和热带澳大利亚标准，超过了标准。在实验中还研究了初期冲刷效应，结果表明在五个具有不透水表面的研究点，初期冲刷效应明显，表现为选定污染物（TSS、TKN、TP、TOC 和重金属）的初期冲刷效应。初期冲刷效应的幅度在研究点之间有所不同，并且发现它受到点的表面纹理的影响。方差分析表明，在研究的情况下，降雨强度对初期冲刷的影响有限，但是初期冲刷效应与事件平均径流水质浓度有关。此外，分析了水质参数之间存在强烈的正相关关系，特别是 TSS、TOC 和金属之间。这项研究是卡塔尔首都多哈首次研究初期冲刷效应，为未来的研究人员设计适当的雨水处理设备提供了基础，这些设备将捕获和处理初期冲刷，以显著减少城市雨水污染。
