Environmental Pollution Research Group, Department of Physics and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Plant Anatomy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Oct;26(28):28775-28786. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05935-z. Epub 2019 Aug 3.
The use of industrial effluents for agricultural practices due to waste management properties, water scarcity, or cultural belief affects both the physiology and morphology of cultivated crops. This study reports the investigation of the agro-potentiality of the effluents from a beverage bottling company on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) under a controlled environment. This greenhouse experiment was carried out within Obafemi Awolowo University. The effluents were applied at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% concentrations using untreated (A) and treated (B) effluents separately in two groups. Physicochemical properties of the effluents were determined using standard methods. Exchangeable cations present in the effluents were investigated via the ammonium acetate exchange way. Morphological and yield parameters were measured in ten replicates. Transverse sections of the leaf, petiole, and stem were also investigated under a light microscopy. General linear model was used for statistical analysis with means compared using Tukey's HSD test at p < 0.05. The effluents had pH, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids in the range of 7.4-7.5, 599.0-693.0 μS/cm, and 395.0-455.0 mg/l, respectively. The exchangeable calcium and potassium concentrations in the effluents range 1067.00-1937.50 and 190.0-343.50 mg/l. Application of effluent A had no significant effect on number of pods per group, seeds per pod, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area of cowpea (p > 0.05). There was a significant effect of effluent A on the number of leaves and shoot height (p < 0.05). The application of effluent B had a significant effect on the mean number of leaves and seeds per pod at higher (40-50%) concentrations (p < 0.05). Amendment with effluent B showed no significant effect on the mean shoot height, leaf length, width and area, pods per group, pod length, and girth size (p > 0.05). The frequency of guard cells was observed to decrease with increasing effluents (A and B) concentration on the abaxial epidermis. Likewise, a "black deposit" was observed in the vessels in the stem taken from group amended with effluent A at high concentrations (30-50%). No anatomical differences were observed in the petiole and leaf transverse sections of the control and amended subgroups. The untreated and treated effluents showed agro-potentiality. However, crops grown need to be monitored for the health impacts on man and animal, as risk of crop cellular disruption exist.
由于废物管理特性、水资源短缺或文化信仰，工业废水被用于农业实践，这会影响到栽培作物的生理和形态。本研究报告了在奥巴费米·阿沃洛沃大学（Obafemi Awolowo University）内，对一家饮料装瓶公司的废水对豇豆（Vigna unguiculata）的农业潜力进行的调查。该温室实验采用未经处理（A）和处理（B）废水分别在两组中以 0、10、20、30、40 和 50%的浓度进行。采用标准方法测定废水的物理化学性质。通过乙酸铵交换法研究废水中存在的可交换阳离子。在 10 个重复的基础上测量形态和产量参数。还在光显微镜下研究了叶片、叶柄和茎的横切面。使用一般线性模型进行统计分析，均值比较采用 Tukey 的 HSD 检验（p < 0.05）。废水的 pH 值、电导率和总溶解固体分别在 7.4-7.5、599.0-693.0 μS/cm 和 395.0-455.0 mg/l 范围内。废水中的可交换钙和钾浓度分别在 1067.00-1937.50 和 190.0-343.50 mg/l 范围内。废水 A 的应用对每组的豆荚数、每荚种子数、叶片长度、叶片宽度和叶片面积没有显著影响（p > 0.05）。废水 A 对叶片数和茎高有显著影响（p < 0.05）。废水 B 的应用对较高（40-50%）浓度下的平均叶片数和每荚种子数有显著影响（p < 0.05）。用废水 B 处理对平均茎高、叶片长度、宽度和面积、每组豆荚数、豆荚长度和周长大小没有显著影响（p > 0.05）。随着废水中（A 和 B）浓度的增加，在下表皮的保卫细胞频率观察到减少。同样，在高浓度（30-50%）下用废水 A 处理的组的茎中的导管中观察到“黑色沉积物”。在对照和处理亚组的叶柄和叶片横切面上没有观察到解剖学差异。未经处理和处理的废水显示出农业潜力。然而，需要监测用这些废水种植的作物对人类和动物的健康影响，因为存在作物细胞破坏的风险。
