氨基酸调控的 mTORC1 通路传感器。
Sensors for the mTORC1 pathway regulated by amino acids.
机构信息
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
出版信息
J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2019;20(9):699-712. doi: 10.1631/jzus.B1900181.
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) controls cell growth and metabolism in response to various environmental inputs, especially amino acids. In fact, the activity of mTORC1 is highly sensitive to changes in amino acid levels. Over past decades, a variety of proteins have been identified as participating in the mTORC1 pathway regulated by amino acids. Classically, the Rag guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), which reside on the lysosome, transmit amino acid availability to the mTORC1 pathway and recruit mTORC1 to the lysosome upon amino acid sufficiency. Recently, several sensors of leucine, arginine, and S-adenosylmethionine for the amino acid-stimulated mTORC1 pathway have been coming to light. Characterization of these sensors is requisite for understanding how cells adjust amino acid sensing pathways to their different needs. In this review, we summarize recent advances in amino acid sensing mechanisms that regulate mTORC1 activity and highlight these identified sensors that accurately transmit specific amino acid signals to the mTORC1 pathway.
雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合物 1（mTORC1）的机械靶点 1 可响应各种环境输入（尤其是氨基酸）来控制细胞生长和代谢。事实上，mTORC1 的活性对氨基酸水平的变化非常敏感。在过去的几十年中，已经鉴定出多种参与氨基酸调节的 mTORC1 途径的蛋白质。经典地，位于溶酶体上的 Rag 鸟苷三磷酸酶（GTPases）在氨基酸充足时将氨基酸的可用性传递给 mTORC1 途径，并将 mTORC1 募集到溶酶体上。最近，一些亮氨酸、精氨酸和 S-腺苷甲硫氨酸的传感器也逐渐被发现是氨基酸刺激的 mTORC1 途径的传感器。对这些传感器的特征进行描述是理解细胞如何根据不同的需求调整氨基酸感应途径所必需的。在这篇综述中，我们总结了调节 mTORC1 活性的氨基酸感应机制的最新进展，并强调了这些已鉴定的传感器，它们可将特定的氨基酸信号准确地传递到 mTORC1 途径。
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