Subramanian Balakrishnan, Anthony Severine N, Mubbunu Lumamba, Hachombwa Chitinti, Mlawa Majuto S, Majambo Mudhihiri M, Sasi Rajab M
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, P.O. Box 71191, Ndola, Zambia.
Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, P.O. Box 71191, Ndola, Zambia.
ScientificWorldJournal. 2019 Jul 16;2019:9093474. doi: 10.1155/2019/9093474. eCollection 2019.
The mental foramen (MF) and accessory mental foramen (AMF) are the strategically important landmarks during surgical interventions and anaesthetic nerve blocks procedures involving the mental nerve. The study aimed at evaluating anthropometrics of MF and AMF in Zambian adult human mandibles and it was cleared for ethics from TDRC Ethics Review Committee (Reg. No.: 00002911; FWA: 00003729). A total of 33 Zambian adult human mandibles were evaluated for shape, position, and direction of opening of foramen. All measurements were performed using a Digital Vernier Calliper and statistically analysed for per cent frequency and mean and standard deviations, and we performed the one sample -test for comparative analysis. Data were considered significant at p<0.05. All mandibles that were examined had bilateral MF while unilateral AMF was found in two mandibles (6%). The foramens were mostly oval in shape and their most common position was between the second premolar and first molar and the most common orientation was posterior-superior. The comparative analysis of mandibular anthropometrics showed significant variations (p<0.05) with different ethnic groups. The findings emphasize the ethnic variations and edify that the foramen position is not always as stated in reference textbooks. The clinical creditability of the study is cautioning the surgeons on possible variations of the MF and AMF anthropometrics compared to existing literature in order to avoid any unforeseen injury related to anaesthesia or dental surgeries. Further studies with large sample sizes representing whole country are recommended to establish the standard MF and AMF anthropometrics of Zambian population.
颏孔（MF）和副颏孔（AMF）是涉及颏神经的外科手术和麻醉神经阻滞操作中的重要标志性结构。本研究旨在评估赞比亚成年人类下颌骨中颏孔和副颏孔的人体测量学特征，并且该研究已获得TDRC伦理审查委员会的伦理批准（注册号：00002911；FWA：00003729）。共对33例赞比亚成年人类下颌骨的孔的形状、位置和开口方向进行了评估。所有测量均使用数字游标卡尺进行，并对百分比频率、均值和标准差进行统计学分析，我们进行单样本检验以进行比较分析。数据在p<0.05时被认为具有统计学意义。所有检查的下颌骨均有双侧颏孔，而在2例下颌骨（6%）中发现了单侧副颏孔。这些孔大多呈椭圆形，其最常见的位置在第二前磨牙和第一磨牙之间，最常见的方向是后上方。下颌人体测量学的比较分析显示，不同种族之间存在显著差异（p<0.05）。这些发现强调了种族差异，并表明孔的位置并不总是如参考教科书中所述。本研究的临床可信度提醒外科医生，与现有文献相比，颏孔和副颏孔人体测量学可能存在差异，以避免与麻醉或牙科手术相关的任何意外损伤。建议进行进一步的研究，以大样本代表整个国家，建立赞比亚人群的标准颏孔和副颏孔人体测量学。
