Budhiraja Virendra, Rastogi Rakhi, Lalwani Rekha, Goel Prabhat, Bose Subhash Chandra
Department of Anatomy, L.N. Medical College and J.K. Hospital, Sector-C, Sarvadhram, Kolar Road, Bhopal 460246, India.
Department of Anatomy, L.L.R.M. Medical College, Meerut, India.
ISRN Anat. 2012 Dec 17;2013:961429. doi: 10.5402/2013/961429. eCollection 2013.
Background. As the mental foramen (MF) is an important landmark to facilitate surgical, local anesthetic, and other invasive procedures, the present study was aimed to elucidate its morphological features and morphometric parameters with reference to surrounding landmarks. Material and Method. 105 dry adult human mandibles of unknown sex were observed for position, shape, and number of mental foramina. Their size was measured using a digital vernier caliper and statistically analyzed by mean and standard deviations (SD). Results. In most cases (74.3%), the MF was oval in shape and situated on the longitudinal axis of the 2nd premolar tooth (61% on right side and 59.1% on left side). The mean distance for the right and left sides was measured from various landmarks. Conclusion. Prior knowledge of mental foramen variations helps surgeons in planning surgery in that region to avoid nerve damage and also enable effective mental nerve block anesthesia.
背景。由于颏孔（MF）是有助于外科手术、局部麻醉和其他侵入性操作的重要标志，本研究旨在参照周围标志阐明其形态特征和形态测量参数。材料与方法。观察105例性别不明的成年干燥人类下颌骨的颏孔位置、形状和数量。使用数字游标卡尺测量其大小，并通过均值和标准差（SD）进行统计分析。结果。在大多数情况下（74.3%），颏孔呈椭圆形，位于第二前磨牙的纵轴上（右侧61%，左侧59.1%）。从各个标志测量左右两侧的平均距离。结论。颏孔变异的先验知识有助于外科医生在该区域规划手术，以避免神经损伤，并实现有效的颏神经阻滞麻醉。
