Graf Daniel, Yanagida Takuya, Spiel Christiane
Department of Applied Psychology, Work, Education and Economy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Front Psychol. 2019 Jul 16;10:1572. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01572. eCollection 2019.
Several studies have demonstrated a relationship between sensation seeking and aggression. However, few studies have examined the relationships between sensation seeking and face-to-face and cyberbullying. The few existing studies assessed sensation seeking with items partly referring to antisocial behavior. This could have led to tautological findings. Moreover, contextual properties that could account for differences between bullying contexts (face-to-face, cyberspace) were neglected. Therefore, the first goal of this study was to investigate the relationships between sensation seeking and face-to-face and cyberbullying in a way that avoids tautological findings. Thus, sensation seeking was operationalized as a motivational disposition encompassing the dimensions "need for stimulation" and "avoidance of rest." Furthermore, students' perceptions of the contextual properties of the face-to-face and cyber context and their relevance for the relationships between the dimensions of sensation seeking and face-to-face and cyberbullying were examined. A total of 523 students ( = 17.83; = 2.13; ♀ = 37.4%) from four vocational schools answered online questionnaires on face-to-face and cyberbullying involvement, perceived contextual properties, and the two dimensions of sensation seeking during regular school hours. Structural equation modeling revealed positive associations between need for stimulation and both forms of bullying. Avoidance of rest, however, was positively related to cyberbullying only. The differences in all regression slopes between contexts were statistically significant. That is, the positive associations with the two dimensions of sensation seeking were stronger for cyberbullying than for face-to-face bullying. Dependent -tests revealed differences in students' perceptions of contextual properties between contexts (face-to-face, cyberspace). Nevertheless, no significant relationships between either dimension of sensation seeking and either form of bullying were moderated by any perceived contextual property. Our results demonstrate sensation seeking's greater role in cyberbullying and confirm differences in perceived contextual properties between the face-to-face and cyber context. Furthermore, the fact that no perceived contextual property moderated the significant relationships between the dimensions of sensation seeking and face-to-face or cyberbullying shows the relatively greater role of a single person factor compared to single contextual properties.
多项研究表明了寻求刺激与攻击性之间的关系。然而，很少有研究考察寻求刺激与面对面欺凌和网络欺凌之间的关系。现有的少数研究在评估寻求刺激时，所使用的项目部分涉及反社会行为。这可能导致同义反复的结果。此外，能够解释欺凌情境（面对面、网络空间）之间差异的情境属性被忽视了。因此，本研究的首要目标是以避免同义反复结果的方式，调查寻求刺激与面对面欺凌和网络欺凌之间的关系。因此，寻求刺激被定义为一种动机倾向，包括“对刺激的需求”和“对休息的回避”两个维度。此外，还考察了学生对面对面和网络情境的情境属性的认知，以及它们在寻求刺激维度与面对面和网络欺凌关系中的相关性。来自四所职业学校的523名学生（平均年龄=17.83岁；标准差=2.13；女生占37.4%）在正常上课时间回答了关于面对面和网络欺凌参与情况、感知到的情境属性以及寻求刺激的两个维度的在线问卷。结构方程模型显示，对刺激的需求与两种形式的欺凌之间均存在正相关。然而，对休息的回避仅与网络欺凌呈正相关。不同情境下所有回归斜率的差异具有统计学意义。也就是说，与寻求刺激的两个维度的正相关在网络欺凌中比在面对面欺凌中更强。相关样本t检验揭示了学生对不同情境（面对面、网络空间）的情境属性认知存在差异。然而，寻求刺激的任何一个维度与任何一种形式的欺凌之间，均未因任何感知到的情境属性而产生显著的调节关系。我们的研究结果表明寻求刺激在网络欺凌中发挥着更大的作用，并证实了面对面和网络情境在感知到的情境属性方面存在差异。此外，没有任何感知到的情境属性调节寻求刺激维度与面对面或网络欺凌之间的显著关系，这表明与单一情境属性相比，单一的个人因素发挥着相对更大的作用。
