Ossa Fanny Carina, Jantzer Vanessa, Neumayer Franziska, Eppelmann Lena, Resch Franz, Kaess Michael
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Cultural Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Psychopathology. 2023;56(1-2):127-137. doi: 10.1159/000523992. Epub 2022 Apr 29.
The aim of this study was to examine whether (a) cyberbullying has unique associations with mental health problems, risk-taking, and self-harm behavior in victims and perpetrators when compared to school bullying and (b) if cyberbullying is associated with an additional burden for students already involved in school bullying.
Data were collected from 6,561 students across 23 schools in Germany (grades 5-13). The sample was divided into the following four groups: cyber-only involvement (victims = 1.9%, perpetrators = 0.6%), school-only involvement (victims = 17.2%, perpetrators = 11.9%), dual involvement (victims = 5.7%, perpetrators = 2.9%), and noninvolvement (victims = 75.3%, perpetrators = 84.6%). Multilevel mixed-effects regression analysis was conducted to examine group differences in mental health (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, KIDSCREEN-10), risk-taking, and self-harm behavior (e.g., substance use, suicide attempts).
Cyber-only bullying had unique associations with mental health problems and risk-taking behavior in victims (lower levels of peer relationship problems: p < 0.001, greater substance use: p < 0.05) and perpetrators (higher levels of peer relationship problems: p < 0.05) when compared to school-only bullying. Dual victims and perpetrators reported significantly more mental health problems (victims: χ2(5) = 221.58, p < 0.001; perpetrators: χ2(5) = 116.40, p < 0.001) and were more likely to report risk-taking and self-harm behavior (victims: χ2(7) = 115.15, p < 0.001; perpetrators: χ2(7) = 38.79, p < 0.001) than students involved in school-only bullying.
Cyber-only bullying appears to be related to specific mental health issues beyond those associated with school-only bullying. Cyberbullying and school bullying go along with additive mental health problems, risk-taking, and self-harm behavior in both victims and perpetrators. Thus, bullying prevention and intervention programs should also target cyberbullying.
本研究的目的是探讨：（a）与校园欺凌相比，网络欺凌在受害者和实施者中是否与心理健康问题、冒险行为和自我伤害行为存在独特关联；（b）网络欺凌是否会给已卷入校园欺凌的学生带来额外负担。
从德国23所学校的6561名学生（5至13年级）中收集数据。样本分为以下四组：仅涉及网络欺凌（受害者占1.9%，实施者占0.6%）、仅涉及校园欺凌（受害者占17.2%，实施者占11.9%）、双重卷入（受害者占5.7%，实施者占2.9%）和未卷入（受害者占75.3%，实施者占84.6%）。进行多水平混合效应回归分析，以检验心理健康（优势与困难问卷、儿童青少年生活质量量表-10）、冒险行为和自我伤害行为（如物质使用、自杀未遂）方面的组间差异。
与仅涉及校园欺凌相比，仅涉及网络欺凌在受害者（同伴关系问题水平较低：p < 0.001，物质使用较多：p < 0.05）和实施者（同伴关系问题水平较高：p < 0.05）中与心理健康问题和冒险行为存在独特关联。双重受害者和实施者报告的心理健康问题显著更多（受害者：χ2(5) = 221.58，p < 0.001；实施者：χ2(5) = 116.40，p < 0.001），并且比仅涉及校园欺凌的学生更有可能报告冒险和自我伤害行为（受害者：χ2(7) = 115.15，p < 0.001；实施者：χ2(7) = 38.79，p < 0.001）。
仅涉及网络欺凌似乎与仅涉及校园欺凌之外的特定心理健康问题有关。网络欺凌和校园欺凌在受害者和实施者中都伴随着累加的心理健康问题、冒险行为和自我伤害行为。因此，欺凌预防和干预项目也应针对网络欺凌。
