Biliary stenting alone versus biliary stenting combined with I particles intracavitary irradiation for the treatment of advanced cholangiocarcinoma.

We aimed to compare the efficacy of percutaneous transhepatic biliary stenting (PTBS) and PTBS combined with I particles implantation in the treatment of advanced extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHC). A total of 184 advanced EHC patients, who received PTBS (PTBS group) or PTBS combined with I particles implantation (PTBS + I group) from January 2012 to April 2017 in our department, were retrospectively reviewed. The improvement of jaundice and liver function was observed in both groups. The postoperative complications, risk of biliary re-obstruction, and overall survival (OS) were compared between the two groups. Amongst, 71 cases received PTBS and 113 had the additional implantation of I particles. The jaundice and liver function were significantly improved in all patients, especially in PTBS + I group. There was no significant difference in the risk of postoperative complications between the two groups. However, the risk of biliary re-obstruction significantly reduced in PTBS + I group (19.5% vs. 35.2%, p = 0.017). Kaplan Meier analysis showed that patients in PTBS + I group had a significantly better OS, both for hilar and distal cholangiocarcinoma. Univariate analysis demonstrated that preoperative levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), total bilirubin, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, and different therapeutic method were significant factors affecting OS. Multivariate analysis further identified the treatment of PTBS combined with I particles implantation as an independent protective prognostic factor (HR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.17-0.39, p < 0.001). In conclusion, for patients with advanced EHC, PTBS combined with I particles implantation is superior to PTBS alone in improving liver function, inhibiting biliary re-obstruction, and prolonging survival time.