Toll-like receptor homolog TOL-1 regulates -elicited longevity and behavior in .

, a Gram-positive bacterium, is one of the commonly used probiotics. We previously showed that modified host defense systems and extended the lifespan of the nematode . In the present study, we showed that the lifespan extension caused by was enhanced in animals having a mutation in the gene that encodes the sole homolog of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Meanwhile, lifespan increased by other probiotic bacteria, such as or , was not affected in the mutant animals. A microarray analysis revealed that the expression of innate immune response-related genes was significantly increased in the mutant. Worms with the mutation exhibited reduced leaving behavior from the lawn, while canonical downstream factors /TRAF and /IκB appeared to not be involved. In conclusion, /TLR regulates -induced longevity and also regulates behavior against .