Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, CREA (Council for Agricultural Research and Economics), 00178 Rome, Italy.
Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Oct 10;20(20):5020. doi: 10.3390/ijms20205020.
Probiotics exert beneficial effects on host health through different mechanisms of action, such as production of antimicrobial substances, competition with pathogens, enhancement of host mucosal barrier integrity and immunomodulation. In the context of ageing, which is characterized by several physiological alterations leading to a low grade inflammatory status called inflammageing, evidences suggest a potential prolongevity role of probiotics. Unraveling the mechanisms underlying anti-ageing effects requires the use of simple model systems. To this respect, the nematode represents a suitable model organism for the study of both host-microbe interactions and for ageing studies, because of conserved signaling pathways and host defense mechanisms involved in the regulation of its lifespan. Therefore, this review analyses the impact of probiotics on age-related parameters, with particular emphasis on oxidative stress, immunity, inflammation and protection from pathogen infections. The picture emerging from our analysis highlights that several probiotic strains are able to exert anti-ageing effects in nematodes by acting on common molecular pathways, such as insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IIS) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). In this perspective, appears to be advantageous for shedding light on key mechanisms involved in host prolongevity in response to probiotics supplementation.
益生菌通过不同的作用机制对宿主健康产生有益影响，例如产生抗菌物质、与病原体竞争、增强宿主黏膜屏障完整性和免疫调节。在衰老的背景下，衰老的特点是导致低度炎症状态的几种生理改变，称为炎症衰老，有证据表明益生菌具有潜在的延长寿命作用。揭示抗衰老作用的机制需要使用简单的模型系统。在这方面，线虫是研究宿主-微生物相互作用和衰老研究的合适模型生物，因为它涉及到调节其寿命的保守信号通路和宿主防御机制。因此，本综述分析了益生菌对与年龄相关的参数的影响，特别强调了氧化应激、免疫、炎症和对病原体感染的保护。我们的分析结果表明，几种益生菌菌株通过作用于共同的分子途径，如胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子-1（IIS）和 p38 丝裂原激活蛋白激酶（p38 MAPK），在线虫中发挥抗衰老作用。从这个角度来看，线虫似乎有利于阐明益生菌补充剂对宿主延长寿命的关键机制。
