Department of Radiology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Cancer Med. 2019 Sep;8(12):5399-5413. doi: 10.1002/cam4.2464. Epub 2019 Aug 5.
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) represents a promising approach in cancer therapy. Owing to the peculiar biologic mechanisms of anticancer activity, checkpoint blockers are accompanied with distinctive response patterns and toxicity profiles. Medical imaging is the cornerstone for response assessment to immunotherapy and plays a critical role in monitoring of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Imaging-based biomarkers have shown tremendous potential for the prediction of therapeutic efficacies and clinical outcomes in patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors. In this article, the landscape of current response assessment systems for immunotherapy was reviewed with a special focus on the latest advances in the assessment of responses to ICB. Emerging imaging biomarkers were discussed along with the challenges regarding their clinical transformation. In addition, the biological mechanisms and clinical applications of ICB and irAEs were also within the scope of this review.
免疫检查点阻断（ICB）代表了癌症治疗的一种很有前途的方法。由于抗癌活性的特殊生物学机制，检查点抑制剂伴随着独特的反应模式和毒性特征。医学影像学是免疫治疗反应评估的基石，在监测免疫相关不良事件（irAEs）方面发挥着关键作用。基于影像学的生物标志物在预测接受检查点抑制剂治疗的患者的治疗效果和临床结局方面显示出了巨大的潜力。在本文中，我们回顾了当前免疫治疗反应评估系统的现状，特别关注了评估 ICB 反应的最新进展。讨论了新兴的影像学生物标志物，以及它们在临床转化方面面临的挑战。此外，本文还介绍了 ICB 和 irAEs 的生物学机制和临床应用。
