Sadkowska-Todys Małgorzata, Zieliński Andrzej, Czarkowski Mirosław P
National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw, Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance
Przegl Epidemiol. 2019;73(2):135-150. doi: 10.32394/pe.73.14.
The article contains an overview of epidemiological surveillance data on infectious diseases in Poland in 2017 with reference to data from 2016 and median from 2011-2015. This is another introductory article to the systematically conducted Epidemiological Chronicle of Epidemiological Review presenting the current epidemiological situation of selected infectious diseases. In justified cases, eg by cross-border threats, the study includes references to the epidemiological situation in other countries.
The source data for this study are the applications of doctors to the State Sanitary Inspection, which in the form of summary lists or individual notifications are forwarded to the Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance of NIPH-PZH and after being prepared they are included in the bulletins “Infectious diseases and poisoning in Poland in 2017 “and” Protective vaccinations in Poland in 2017“. Data on deaths due to infectious diseases come from a list of the Department of Demographic and Labor Market Research of the Central Statistical Office.
Discussion of epidemiological data begins with the most prevalent diseases in Poland, which are upper respiratory tract infections and gastrointestinal infections. In the area of upper respiratory tract infections, attention is drawn to the increase in the number of reported cases in recent years, which may be at least partly related to the development of computerization of reports. The profile of gastrointestinal infections acquired in the non-hospital environment has been changing in recent years towards a clear predominance of infections with viral etiology in relation to bacterial infections. Regarding healthcareassociated infections, rotavirus infections predominate among children, and among adults, C. difficile infections constitute a serious, growing problem, which is largely associated with the use of antibiotics. Viral liver infections are still an important problem. B and C, and in 2017 also hepatitis A, which took the form of an epidemic. In other groups of diseases, there was no clear increase in threats compared to previous years. Despite a steady decline in incidence, tuberculosis has been the disease causing the highest number of deaths among infectious diseases for many years. In 2017, the highest number of deaths was caused by C. difficile infection.
本文概述了2017年波兰传染病的流行病学监测数据，并参考了2016年的数据以及2011 - 2015年的中位数。这是系统编撰的《流行病学评论流行病学纪事》的另一篇介绍性文章，呈现了部分传染病的当前流行病学状况。在合理情况下，例如受跨境威胁影响，该研究还提及了其他国家的流行病学情况。
本研究的源数据是医生向国家卫生检查局提交的申请，这些申请以汇总清单或单独通知的形式转发至国家公共卫生研究所 - 国家卫生研究院传染病流行病学与监测部，经整理后被纳入“2017年波兰的传染病与中毒”及“2017年波兰的预防性疫苗接种”公告中。传染病死亡数据来自中央统计局人口与劳动力市场研究部的一份清单。
流行病学数据的讨论首先从波兰最常见的疾病开始，即上呼吸道感染和胃肠道感染。在上呼吸道感染方面，近年来报告病例数有所增加，这可能至少部分与报告的计算机化发展有关。近年来，非医院环境中获得的胃肠道感染特征正朝着病毒病因感染明显占主导地位、细菌感染相对减少的方向转变。关于医疗保健相关感染，轮状病毒感染在儿童中占主导，而在成人中，艰难梭菌感染是一个严重且日益严重的问题，这在很大程度上与抗生素的使用有关。病毒性肝脏感染仍然是一个重要问题，包括乙型和丙型肝炎，2017年甲型肝炎也呈流行态势。在其他疾病组中，与前几年相比，威胁没有明显增加。尽管发病率稳步下降，但多年来结核病一直是传染病中导致死亡人数最多的疾病。2017年，死亡人数最多的是艰难梭菌感染。
