Infectious diseases in Poland in 2018.

OBJECTIVE OF THE ARTICLE

The introductory text to the Epidemiological Chronicle (EC) of the Epidemiological Review contains data on the incidence of infectious and parasitic diseases in Poland in 2018 compared to 2017 data and medians from 2012-2016. It is a general overview of the epidemiological situation of infectious and parasitic diseases in Poland. With regard to selected diseases, widening and deepening picture is in the content of remaining articles of the epidemiological chronicle.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The source data for this article are mainly individual reports submitted by doctors to the County Sanitary/Epidemiological Stations. The basic material of this study is the data published in the bulletins "Infectious diseases and poisoning in Poland in 2018" and "Immunization in Poland in 2018", as well as data published in the reports "Influenza and suspected influenza in Poland in 2018". Data on deaths due to infectious diseases come from the summaries of the Demographic Research Department of the Central Statistical Office.

RESULTS AND THE DISCUSSION

As in previous years, the highest incidence was recorded in the category of upper respiratory tract infections and, but to a much lesser extent, gastrointestinal infections. For at least two decades, there has been a shift in the profile of gastrointestinal infections characterized by an increase in viral infections compared to bacterial infections. Regarding healthcare associated infections, rotavirus infections predominate among children and C. difficile infections among adults. The later creates a serious, growing problem, largely related to the use of antibiotics, but also to fecal-oral transmission. Among infectious diseases, C. difficile caused the highest number of deaths in 2018. Viral infection of the liver continues to be an important problem. Apart from hepatitis B and C, this also applies to hepatitis A, which took the form of an epidemic in 2017. In 2018, the incidence decreased by more than a half, but still the number of cases was about thirty times higher than for the median from 2012-2016. Despite declining tendency for many years, the incidence of tuberculosis still remains above the numbers recorded in the developed countries of Western Europe. In other disease groups, there was no marked increase in risk compared to previous years.