Stypulkowska-Misiurewicz Hanna, Czerwiński Michał
Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw
Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance, National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw
Przegl Epidemiol. 2019;73(2):151-155. doi: 10.32394/pe.73.26.
The aim of this study is to assess the epidemiological situation of legionellosis in Poland in 2017 in comparison with previous years.
The analysis is based on national surveillance data published in the annual bulletin: “Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2017” and bulletins from previous years along with data from legionellosis case reports collected and sent to the Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance NIPH – NIH by Sanitary and Epidemiological Stations.
In Poland, both cases of Legionnaires’ disease (an acute form of infection with pneumonia) and Pontiac fever (a mild, influenza-like form of infection) are routinely reported to the surveillance system. In 2017, a total of 39 cases of legionellosis were registered, including 38 cases of Legionnaires’ disease and 1 case of Pontiac fever; the annual incidence rate 0.102 (per 100,000 population) has increased by almost 50 percent since previous year (0.070) and is almost three times higher than the median incidence (0.036) for 2011-2015. The infections were reported in fourteen voivodeships; only one voivodeship (Świętokrzyskie) did not register any case in last years. The incidence in men (0.129 per 100,000) was higher compared to women (0.076); the highest incidence (0.323) was noted in men aged 50-59. All reported cases were sporadic and were hospitalised. The Sanitary Inspection reported nine fatal cases – 6 women and 3 men. Thirty three cases were autochthonous including four cases linked with contaminated water systems in health-care settings. Six cases were associated with travels abroad (to Egypt, Albania, Italy and Crete).
Although in recent years number of reported cases continues to rise, the incidence of legionellosis in Poland remains one of the lowest in the entire EU. Also draws attention variation of incidence between provinces and a high mortality among reported cases. Our data suggest significant under-diagnosis of legionellosis. A priority remains to improve early diagnosis of Legionnaires’ disease in health care settings.
本研究旨在评估2017年波兰军团病的流行病学情况，并与前几年进行比较。
分析基于年度公报《2017年波兰的传染病和中毒事件》中公布的国家监测数据以及前几年的公报，同时还包括卫生防疫站收集并发送至国家公共卫生研究所 - 国家卫生研究院传染病流行病学与监测部的军团病病例报告数据。
在波兰，军团病（肺炎的急性感染形式）和庞蒂亚克热（一种类似流感的轻度感染形式）的病例均会定期上报至监测系统。2017年，共登记了39例军团病病例，其中包括38例军团病病例和1例庞蒂亚克热病例；年发病率为0.102（每10万人），较上一年（0.070）增长了近50%，几乎是2011 - 2015年发病率中位数（0.036）的三倍。感染病例报告于14个省；只有一个省（什切青省）在过去几年中未登记任何病例。男性发病率（每10万人0.129）高于女性（0.076）；50 - 59岁男性的发病率最高（0.323）。所有报告病例均为散发性且均已住院治疗。卫生检查部门报告了9例死亡病例，其中6名女性和3名男性。33例为本地病例，其中4例与医疗机构受污染的水系统有关。6例与出国旅行（前往埃及、阿尔巴尼亚、意大利和克里特岛）有关。
尽管近年来报告病例数持续上升，但波兰军团病的发病率在整个欧盟中仍处于最低水平之一。同时还需关注各省发病率的差异以及报告病例中的高死亡率。我们的数据表明军团病存在显著的诊断不足情况。首要任务仍是改善医疗机构中军团病的早期诊断。
