National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance.
National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Department of Bacteriology and Biocontamination Control.
Przegl Epidemiol. 2023;77(2):241-250. doi: 10.32394/pe.77.23.
The aim of this study is to compare the epidemiological situation of legionellosis in Poland in 2018-2021 to prior years, taking into account the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021.
The assessment is based on national surveillance data published in the annual bulletin "Infectious Diseases and Poisons in Poland" from 2013 to 2021, as well as data from Legionnaires' disease case reports collected and sent to the Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance NIPH NIH - NRI by sanitary and epidemiological stations or submitted to EpiBase.
In Poland, both Legionnaires' disease (an acute infection that progresses to pneumonia) and Pontiac fever (a mild, flu-like sickness) are reported. In 2018-2021, a total of 255 cases of legionellosis were registered, including 236 cases of Legionnaires' disease and 19 cases of Pontiac fever. Each year, there was an increase in the number of notifications compared to the annual median number of cases from 2013-2017. The annual incidence rate in 2019 (0.23 per 100,000 population) was the highest since the start of legionellosis case registration in Poland. It declined again during the years of the COVID-19 pandemic. The notifications occurred throughout the country, but the highest notification rate was observed in the western belt of voivodeships. Pomorskie reported the highest incidence, accounting for more than 20% of all registered cases. The median incidence of Legionnaires' disease in men (0.23 per 100,000) was more than twice that of women (0.10), with the highest incidence (0.58) recorded in men 65 years of age or older. All indigenous cases of Legionnaires' disease were sporadic; all but three patients were hospitalized. State Sanitary Inspection reported 26 fatal cases of Legionnaires' disease (mortality = 11%). Twenty-four cases were linked to contaminated water systems in health-care settings, and 21 cases were likely associated with travel abroad.
Although the number of notifications has increased in recent years, Legionnaires' disease is still an infrequently diagnosed respiratory infection in Poland, and the reported incidence remains one of the lowest in the entire EU. The most affected demographic group is men aged 65 and older. Improving the early diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease in healthcare settings remains a priority.
本研究旨在比较 2018-2021 年波兰军团病的流行病学情况，并考虑到 2020-2021 年 COVID-19 大流行的影响。
评估基于 2013 年至 2021 年每年发布的《波兰传染病和毒物年鉴》中公布的国家监测数据，以及通过卫生和流行病学站向传染病和监测 NIPH NIH-NRI 部门收集和发送的军团病病例报告或提交给 EpiBase 的数据。
波兰报告了军团病（一种进展为肺炎的急性感染）和庞蒂亚克热（一种轻度流感样疾病）。2018-2021 年，共登记 255 例军团病病例，其中 236 例为军团病，19 例为庞蒂亚克热。与 2013-2017 年的年度病例中位数相比，每年的通知数量都有所增加。2019 年的年发病率（0.23/10 万人）是波兰开始登记军团病病例以来最高的。在 COVID-19 大流行期间再次下降。通知发生在全国各地，但在西部省份的通知率最高。波莫瑞省报告的发病率最高，占所有登记病例的 20%以上。男性军团病的中位发病率（0.23/10 万人）是女性的两倍多（0.10），65 岁及以上男性的发病率最高（0.58）。所有本土军团病病例均为散发病例；所有患者除 3 例外均住院。国家卫生监督局报告了 26 例军团病死亡病例（死亡率=11%）。24 例与医疗保健环境中受污染的水系统有关，21 例可能与出国旅行有关。
尽管近年来通知数量有所增加，但军团病在波兰仍是一种罕见诊断的呼吸道感染，报告的发病率仍是整个欧盟最低的国家之一。受影响最大的人群是 65 岁及以上的男性。改善医疗保健环境中军团病的早期诊断仍然是当务之急。
