酒精相关障碍前后的智力测试分数——丹麦男性应征者的纵向研究。
Intelligence Test Scores Before and After Alcohol-Related Disorders-A Longitudinal Study of Danish Male Conscripts.
机构信息
From the, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
出版信息
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2019 Oct;43(10):2187-2195. doi: 10.1111/acer.14174. Epub 2019 Aug 24.
BACKGROUND
Existing studies on intellectual consequences of alcohol-related disorders are primarily cross-sectional and compare intelligence test scores of individuals with and without alcohol-related disorders, hence mixing the influence of alcohol-related disorders and predisposing factors such as premorbid intelligence. In this large-scale study, the primary aim was to estimate associations of alcohol-related disorders with changes in intelligence test scores from early adulthood to late midlife.
METHODS
Data were drawn from a follow-up study on middle-aged men, which included a re-examination of the same intelligence test as completed in young adulthood at military conscription (total analytic sample = 2,499). Alcohol-related hospital diagnoses were obtained from national health registries, whereas treatment for alcohol problems was self-reported at follow-up. The analyses included adjustment for year of birth, retest interval, baseline intelligence quotient (IQ) score, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, and psychiatric and somatic comorbidity.
RESULTS
Individuals with alcohol-related hospital diagnoses (8%) had a significantly lower baseline IQ score (95.0 vs. 100.5, p < 0.001) and a larger decline in IQ scores from baseline to follow-up (-8.5 vs. -4.8, p < 0.001) than individuals without such diagnoses. The larger decline in IQ scores with alcohol-related hospital diagnoses remained statistically significant after adjustment for all the covariates. Similar results were revealed when IQ scores before and after self-reported treatment for alcohol problems (10%) were examined.
CONCLUSIONS
Individuals with alcohol-related disorders have a lower intelligence test score both in young adulthood and in late midlife, and these disorders, moreover, seem to be associated with more age-related decline in intelligence test scores. Thus, low mean intellectual ability observed in individuals with alcohol-related disorders is probably a result of both lower premorbid intelligence and more intellectual decline.
背景
现有的酒精相关障碍对智力影响的研究主要是横断面研究，比较了有和无酒精相关障碍个体的智力测试分数，因此混合了酒精相关障碍和潜在因素（如发病前智力）的影响。在这项大规模研究中，主要目的是估计从青年期到中年后期，酒精相关障碍与智力测试分数变化的相关性。
方法
数据来自一项对中年男性的随访研究，该研究重新检查了他们在入伍时（总分析样本=2499 人）完成的相同智力测试。酒精相关的住院诊断来自国家健康登记处，而酒精问题的治疗则是在随访时自我报告的。分析包括了出生年份、重测间隔、基线智商（IQ）得分、教育、吸烟、饮酒以及精神和躯体合并症的调整。
结果
有酒精相关住院诊断（8%）的个体基线 IQ 得分显著较低（95.0 分与 100.5 分，p<0.001），且从基线到随访期间 IQ 得分的下降幅度也较大（-8.5 分与-4.8 分，p<0.001）。在调整了所有协变量后，与酒精相关的住院诊断相关的 IQ 得分下降幅度仍然具有统计学意义。当检查自我报告的酒精问题治疗（10%）前后的 IQ 得分时，也得到了类似的结果。
结论
有酒精相关障碍的个体在青年期和中年后期的智力测试得分都较低，此外，这些障碍似乎与智力测试得分的更大年龄相关下降有关。因此，在有酒精相关障碍的个体中观察到的平均智力能力较低，可能是由于发病前智力较低和智力下降更多的综合结果。
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