Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR), Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario S2000EZP, Argentina.
Area Biofísica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Aug 5;20(15):3830. doi: 10.3390/ijms20153830.
Copper is an essential cofactor for aerobic respiration, since it is required as a redox cofactor in Cytochrome Oxidase (COX). This ancient and highly conserved enzymatic complex from the family of heme-copper oxidase possesses two copper sites: Cu and Cu. Biosynthesis of the oxidase is a complex, stepwise process that requires a high number of assembly factors. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art in the assembly of COX, with special emphasis in the assembly of copper sites. Assembly of the Cu site is better understood, being at the same time highly variable among organisms. We also discuss the current challenges that prevent the full comprehension of the mechanisms of assembly and the pending issues in the field.
铜是有氧呼吸的必需辅助因子，因为它是细胞色素氧化酶 (COX) 中氧化还原辅助因子的必需物质。这种来自血红素铜氧化酶家族的古老且高度保守的酶复合物具有两个铜位点：Cu 和 Cu。氧化酶的生物合成是一个复杂的逐步过程，需要大量的组装因子。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 COX 组装的最新进展，特别强调了铜位点的组装。Cu 位点的组装理解得更好，同时在生物体之间也有很大的差异。我们还讨论了目前阻碍对组装机制的全面理解的挑战以及该领域悬而未决的问题。
