Lee Yoojin, Han Catherine Y, Bae Minkyung, Park Young-Ki, Lee Ji-Young
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
Nutr Res Pract. 2019 Aug;13(4):295-301. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2019.13.4.295. Epub 2019 Jun 20.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Consumption of cholesterol-rich foods, such as eggs, has a minimal effect on circulating cholesterol levels in healthy humans. To gain insight, we investigated whether phospholipids rich in eggs (EPL) interfere with intestinal cholesterol absorption .
MATERIALS/METHODS: To investigate the acute effect of EPL on intestinal cholesterol absorption, male C57BL/6J mice were orally administered with 6, 11, or 19 mg of EPL for three days. We also tested the effect of chronic EPL consumption on cholesterol metabolism in the small intestine and the liver in mice with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high fat/high cholesterol (HF/HC; 35% fat, 0.25% cholesterol, w/w) diet for 4 weeks to induce hypercholesterolemia, and subsequently the mice were either fed 0, 0.4 or 0.8% (w/w) of EPL for 6 weeks.
Intestinal cholesterol absorption was significantly decreased by the highest dose of acute EPL administration compared to control. Chronic EPL supplementation did not significantly alter intestinal cholesterol absorption nor plasma levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In the small intestine and the liver, EPL supplementation minimally altered the expression of genes which regulate cellular cholesterol levels.
Although chronic EPL consumption was not able to counteract hypercholesterolemia in HF/HC-fed mice, acute EPL administration decreased intestinal cholesterol absorption. This study provides evidence that acute administration of PLs in eggs prevent cholesterol absorption in the intestine, suggesting a mechanism for a minimal effect of egg consumption on circulating cholesterol levels.
背景/目的：食用富含胆固醇的食物，如鸡蛋，对健康人体内循环胆固醇水平的影响极小。为深入了解，我们研究了富含鸡蛋的磷脂（EPL）是否会干扰肠道胆固醇吸收。
材料/方法：为研究EPL对肠道胆固醇吸收的急性影响，给雄性C57BL/6J小鼠口服6、11或19毫克EPL，持续三天。我们还测试了长期食用EPL对饮食诱导的高胆固醇血症小鼠小肠和肝脏中胆固醇代谢的影响。给雄性C57BL/6J小鼠喂食高脂肪/高胆固醇（HF/HC；35%脂肪，0.25%胆固醇，w/w）饮食4周以诱导高胆固醇血症，随后给小鼠喂食0、0.4或0.8%（w/w）的EPL，持续6周。
与对照组相比，最高剂量的急性EPL给药显著降低了肠道胆固醇吸收。长期补充EPL并未显著改变肠道胆固醇吸收以及总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的血浆水平。在小肠和肝脏中，补充EPL对调节细胞胆固醇水平的基因表达影响极小。
尽管长期食用EPL无法抵消HF/HC喂养小鼠的高胆固醇血症，但急性给予EPL可降低肠道胆固醇吸收。本研究提供了证据表明急性给予鸡蛋中的磷脂可防止肠道胆固醇吸收，这表明了食用鸡蛋对循环胆固醇水平影响极小的一种机制。
