Jamali Mohammad, Golshani Mehdi, Jamali Yousef
Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran.
Heliyon. 2019 Jul 27;5(7):e02130. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02130. eCollection 2019 Jul.
In quantum approaches to consciousness, the authors try to propose a model and mechanism for the mind-brain interaction using modern physics and some quantum concepts which do not exist in the classical physics. The independent effect of mind on the brain has been one of the challenging issues in the history of science and philosophy. In some recent mind-brain interaction models, the direct influence of mind on matter is either not accepted (as in Stapp's model) or not clear, and there have not been any clear mechanism for it (as in Penrose-Hameroff's model or in Eccles's model). In this manuscript we propose a model and mechanism for mind's effect on the matter using an extended Bohmian quantum mechanics and Avicenna's ideas. We show that mind and mental states can affect brain's activity without any violation of physical laws. This is a mathematical and descriptive model which shows the possibility of providing a causal model for mind's effect on matter. It is shown that this model guarantees the realistic philosophical constraints and respects the laws of nature. In addition, it is shown that it is in agreement with the Libet style experimental results and parapsychological data. To propose this model, we obtained a modified (non-unitary) Schrödinger equation via second quantization method which affects the particle through a modified quantum potential and a new term in the continuity equation. At the second quantized level, which is equivalent to quantum field theory level (QFT), we can use the path integral formalism of Feynman. We show that there are three methods to extend Bohmian QM via path integral formalism, which has different interpretations. By numerical simulation of trajectories in the two-slits experiment, we show their differences and choose one of these methods for our mind-brain model which can be the basis for explaining some phenomena which are not possible to explain in the standard Bohmian QM.
在意识的量子研究方法中，作者们试图运用现代物理学以及一些经典物理学中不存在的量子概念，提出一种心脑相互作用的模型和机制。心对脑的独立影响一直是科学和哲学史上具有挑战性的问题之一。在一些最近的心脑相互作用模型中，心对物质的直接影响要么未被接受（如在斯塔普的模型中），要么不明确，并且也没有任何清晰的机制（如在彭罗斯 - 哈梅罗夫的模型或埃克尔斯的模型中）。在本论文中，我们运用扩展的玻姆量子力学和阿维森纳的思想，提出一种心对物质影响的模型和机制。我们表明，心和心理状态能够影响大脑活动，而不会违反任何物理定律。这是一个数学和描述性模型，展示了为心对物质的影响提供因果模型的可能性。结果表明，该模型保证了现实的哲学约束并尊重自然规律。此外，还表明它与利贝特风格的实验结果和超心理学数据一致。为了提出这个模型，我们通过二次量子化方法得到了一个修正的（非幺正的）薛定谔方程，它通过一个修正的量子势和连续性方程中的一个新项来影响粒子。在与量子场论水平（QFT）等效的二次量子化水平上，我们可以使用费曼的路径积分形式。我们表明，有三种方法通过路径积分形式扩展玻姆量子力学，它们有不同的解释。通过双缝实验中轨迹的数值模拟，我们展示了它们的差异，并为我们的心脑模型选择了其中一种方法，该方法可作为解释一些在标准玻姆量子力学中无法解释的现象的基础。
