Yusuf Ah, Habibie Aziz Nashiruddin, Efendi Ferry, Kurnia Iqlima Dwi, Kurniati Anna
Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Center for Planning and Management of Human Resources for Health, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2019 Aug 6;34(1):ijamh-2019-0064. doi: 10.1515/ijamh-2019-0064.
Violence against adolescents is prevalent in the world, yet this issue is neglected especially in developing countries. Bullying among adolescents negatively affects the victims in relation to emotional, physical, social and overall health status. This study was conducted to understand bullying and its associated factors in school-going adolescents in Indonesia.
This study was a correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. Data were obtained from the 2015 Indonesia Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS). As many as 9969 adolescents in schools were selected by probability proportional to size method and systematic sampling. Variables analyzed on this study were age, sex, smoking behavior, alcohol consumption, close friends and feeling of loneliness. The research instrument used the GSHS 2015 questionnaire. Chi-square (χ) analysis and multiple logistic regression tests were conducted to determine the significance of each variable.
A total of 19.9% of adolescents in Indonesian schools were victims of being bullied. Being bullied was associated with ≤14 years old [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17-1.45], being male (AOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.28-1.59), being a smoker (AOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.23-1.73), consuming alcohol (AOR 2.07, 95% CI 1.64-2.62), having no close friends (AOR 1.27, 95% CI 0.95-1.70) and feeling lonely (AOR 2.29, 95% CI 2.05-2.55).
Indonesian in-school adolescents report a relatively high prevalence of having been bullied. Being bullied is related to various factors depending on personal and environmental factors. School communities and health professionals' attention to adolescents should be sensitized and this issue discussed, developing strategies and minimizing the negative effect on the adolescents. Policy makers need to consider developing a social platform among adolescents to facilitate students' interaction.
针对青少年的暴力行为在全球普遍存在，但这个问题尤其在发展中国家被忽视。青少年间的欺凌行为会对受害者的情绪、身体、社交及整体健康状况产生负面影响。本研究旨在了解印度尼西亚在校青少年中的欺凌行为及其相关因素。
本研究采用相关性设计及横断面研究方法。数据来自2015年印度尼西亚全球学校健康调查（GSHS）。通过规模比例概率抽样法和系统抽样，选取了多达9969名在校青少年。本研究分析的变量包括年龄、性别、吸烟行为、饮酒情况、亲密朋友及孤独感。研究工具采用2015年GSHS问卷。进行卡方（χ）分析和多元逻辑回归测试以确定各变量的显著性。
印度尼西亚学校中共有19.9%的青少年曾遭受欺凌。遭受欺凌与年龄≤14岁[调整优势比（AOR）1.30，95%置信区间（CI）1.17 - 1.45]、男性（AOR 1.43，95% CI 1.28 - 1.59）、吸烟者（AOR 1.46，95% CI 1.23 - 1.73）、饮酒者（AOR 2.07，95% CI 1.64 - 2.62）、没有亲密朋友（AOR 1.27，95% CI 0.95 - 1.70）及感到孤独（AOR 2.29，95% CI 2.05 - 2.55）有关。
印度尼西亚在校青少年报告称遭受欺凌的比例相对较高。遭受欺凌与多种因素相关，这些因素取决于个人和环境因素。学校社区和卫生专业人员应提高对青少年的关注度并讨论这个问题，制定策略并尽量减少对青少年的负面影响。政策制定者需要考虑在青少年中建立一个社交平台以促进学生互动。
