Department of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana.
Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
BMC Psychiatry. 2021 Jul 1;21(1):325. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03337-5.
Over the past few years, there has been growing public and research interest in adolescents' experiences with various forms of bullying victimisation because of their psychological, emotional, and/ or physical consequences. The present study examined the prevalence of bullying victimisation and its associated factors among in-school adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa.
Using data from the Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS) from 2010 to 2017 of eleven sub-Saharan African countries, a sample of 25,454 in-school adolescents was used for analysis. Statistical analyses included frequencies, percentages, Pearson chi-square and multivariable logistic regression. Results were presented as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) at 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
The overall prevalence of bullying victimisation among the respondents was 38.8%. The prevalence was lowest in Mauritius (22.2%) and highest in Sierra Leone (54.6%). Adolescents who felt lonely [aOR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.53, 1.80], had history of anxiety [aOR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.41, 1.66], suicidal ideation [aOR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.17, 1.39], suicidal attempt [aOR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.72, 2.02], current users of marijuana [aOR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.38, 1.84], and truants at [aOR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.34, 1.52] were more likely to be victims of bullying. Conversely, adolescents who had peer support were less likely to be victims of bullying [aOR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.73, 0.82]. Adolescents aged 15 years or older had lower odds of experiencing bullying victimization compared to their counterparts aged 14 years or younger [aOR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.69, 0.78].
Our findings suggest that age, loneliness, anxiety, suicidal ideation, suicidal attempt, and current use of marijuana are associated with increased risk of bullying victimisation. School-wide preventative interventions (e.g., positive behavioural strategies- Rational Emotive Behavioral Education, [REBE], peer educator network systems, face-face counseling sessions, substance use cessation therapy) are essential in promoting a positive school climate and reduce students' bullying victimisation behaviours.
近年来，由于青少年遭受各种形式的欺凌所带来的心理、情感和/或身体后果，公众和研究人员对青少年的经历越来越感兴趣。本研究调查了撒哈拉以南非洲在校青少年遭受欺凌的流行情况及其相关因素。
使用 2010 年至 2017 年来自撒哈拉以南非洲 11 个国家的全球学校学生健康调查（GSHS）的数据，对 25454 名在校青少年进行了分析。统计分析包括频率、百分比、皮尔逊卡方检验和多变量逻辑回归。结果以 95%置信区间（CI）的校正优势比（aOR）表示。
受访者中欺凌受害的总体流行率为 38.8%。毛里求斯的流行率最低（22.2%），塞拉利昂的流行率最高（54.6%）。感到孤独的青少年[校正优势比（aOR）=1.66，95%置信区间（CI）=1.53，1.80]、有焦虑史的青少年[aOR=1.53，95%CI=1.41，1.66]、有自杀意念的青少年[aOR=1.28，95%CI=1.17，1.39]、有自杀企图的青少年[aOR=1.86，95%CI=1.72，2.02]、当前使用大麻的青少年[aOR=1.59，95%CI=1.38，1.84]和逃学的青少年[aOR=1.43，95%CI=1.34，1.52]更有可能成为欺凌的受害者。相反，有同伴支持的青少年成为欺凌受害者的可能性较小[aOR=0.78，95%CI=0.73，0.82]。15 岁或以上的青少年比 14 岁或以下的青少年遭受欺凌的可能性更低[aOR=0.74，95%CI=0.69，0.78]。
我们的研究结果表明，年龄、孤独感、焦虑、自杀意念、自杀企图和当前使用大麻与欺凌受害风险增加有关。在全校范围内实施预防干预措施（例如，积极的行为策略-理性情绪行为教育，[REBE]、同伴教育者网络系统、面对面咨询会议、物质使用戒断治疗）对于促进积极的学校氛围和减少学生的欺凌受害行为至关重要。
