School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
Chemosphere. 2019 Dec;237:124507. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124507. Epub 2019 Aug 1.
Adi Ganga, an open canal in Kolkata, constitutes a dump to a large part of the urban wastes produced. The constant and uncontrolled disposal of the wastes contributes to the degradation of water quality of Adi Ganga, which in turn might have adverse effect on groundwater in the adjoining areas. Surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) collected from six locations along Adi Ganga were analyzed to understand the extent of degradation caused due to SW pollution. Among the important water quality parameters and heavy metal analysis - dissolved oxygen, turbidity, total hardness, alkalinity, biological oxygen demand, oil and grease and zinc of both SW and GW were found to be much greater than their respective permissible limits (WHO, 2004). Both the SW and GW samples depicted phosphate and bicarbonate beyond their recommended values whereas; cations were well within the limit. Hydrochemical analysis through Piper, Stiff, Stabler, Schoeller-Berkaloff and Wilcox diagrams indicate that the water is dominated by calcic and magnesian facies with chlorinated and bicarbonate water types with higher alkalinity. Average water quality index of 33.7 and 52.4 for SW and GW indicate that these are severely and marginally threatened, respectively. Cluster analysis and Pearson's correlation studies show similar trend for both SW and GW indicating role of SW pollution in quality degradation of GW. The SW quality parameters found beyond permissible limits are mainly contributed anthropogenically therefore, immediate stoppage of further pollution of SW is imperative to stop degradation of GW quality, a regular and reliable source of drinking water.
阿迪河是加尔各答的一条明渠，是城市废物的主要倾倒地。废物的持续和无控制的倾倒导致阿迪河的水质恶化，这反过来可能对毗邻地区的地下水产生不利影响。从阿迪河沿线的六个地点采集地表水（SW）和地下水（GW）进行分析，以了解 SW 污染造成的退化程度。在对重要的水质参数和重金属分析中——溶解氧、浊度、总硬度、碱度、生化需氧量、石油和油脂以及锌，发现地表水和地下水的含量都远远超过了各自的允许限值（世界卫生组织，2004 年）。地表水和地下水样本中的磷酸盐和碳酸氢盐含量都超过了推荐值，而阳离子则在限值内。通过 Piper、Stiff、Stabler、Schoeller-Berkaloff 和 Wilcox 图的水化学分析表明，水主要由钙质和镁质相以及氯化物和碳酸氢盐水型组成，具有较高的碱度。地表水和地下水的平均水质指数分别为 33.7 和 52.4，表明它们分别受到严重和轻微的威胁。聚类分析和 Pearson 相关研究表明，地表水和地下水的趋势相似，表明地表水污染在地下水质量退化中起作用。超过允许限值的地表水质量参数主要是人为造成的，因此，必须立即停止地表水的进一步污染，以阻止地下水质量的退化，因为地下水是可靠的饮用水源。
