Okoye Linda Oge, Ekwueme Osa-Eloka Christiandolus, Sote Elizabeth O, Amaechi Benneth Tochukwu
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Indian J Dent Res. 2019 May-Jun;30(3):462-467. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_498_17.
Excessive ingestion of fluoride during tooth development, particularly at the maturation stage, may result in dental fluorosis, with clinical implications. Literature is scarce on dental fluorosis in Enugu, Nigeria.
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental fluorosis in Enugu, a major city in South East Nigeria.
A multistage sampling technique was used to select a calculated sample of 400 students. A pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to ascertain student's sociodemographic and related variables. The student participants were examined for dental fluorosis using Dean's index criteria according to the World Health Organization guidelines. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16, and Chi-square test of association was used to compare proportions and ratios with significant level set at P < 0.05 and 95% confidence level.
Among the 400 students analyzed, 231 (57.8%) and 169 (42.2%) were male and female, respectively. Mean age was 13.43 ± 1.021 years. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 11.3%, with the preponderance of very mild score (82.2%), and no observed severe dental fluorosis. The difference in the distribution of the scores of fluorosis among the children was highly statistically significant (χ = 72.80, P = 0.000). Dental fluorosis was found present in 39 (10.3%) of 378 users of fluoridated toothpaste and in 6 (27.7%) of the 22 users of nonfluoridated toothpaste. The differences in the presence and absence of dental fluorosis were statistically significant among users of fluoridated toothpaste.
This study shows the prevalence of dental fluorosis to be low among secondary school students of Enugu metropolis.
在牙齿发育期间，尤其是在成熟阶段过量摄入氟化物，可能会导致氟斑牙，并产生临床影响。关于尼日利亚埃努古地区氟斑牙的文献较少。
本研究的目的是评估尼日利亚东南部主要城市埃努古地区氟斑牙的患病率。
采用多阶段抽样技术选取了400名学生作为计算样本。使用预先测试的访谈式问卷来确定学生的社会人口统计学及相关变量。根据世界卫生组织指南，使用迪恩指数标准对学生参与者进行氟斑牙检查。使用SPSS 16版软件对数据进行分析，并使用卡方关联检验来比较比例和比率，显著性水平设定为P < 0.05，置信水平为95%。
在分析的400名学生中，分别有231名（57.8%）男生和169名（42.2%）女生。平均年龄为13.43 ± 1.021岁。氟斑牙的患病率为11.3%，以非常轻度的比例为主（82.2%），未观察到严重氟斑牙。儿童中氟斑牙得分分布的差异具有高度统计学意义（χ = 72.80，P = 0.000）。在378名使用含氟牙膏的使用者中，有39名（10.3%）发现有氟斑牙，在22名使用无氟牙膏的使用者中，有6名（27.7%）发现有氟斑牙。含氟牙膏使用者中氟斑牙存在与否的差异具有统计学意义。
本研究表明，埃努古市中学生中氟斑牙的患病率较低。
