Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, S10 2TN Sheffield, United Kingdom.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Dec 1;694:133470. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.276. Epub 2019 Jul 18.
The complexity of seasonally and spatially variable environments, coupled with complex biological interactions, makes it difficult to pinpoint biological responses to specific environmental stressors, including chemical pollution. To disentangle causative factors and reveal biomarker responses, we applied biomarker-based multivariate approaches to 15 native populations of Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in spring and autumn. In addition, we used a subset of these populations in transplant experiments between clean and polluted environments in nature and in lab mesocosms. The extent of biomarker responses in native populations is affected by season, and significantly lower variability across seasons was observed among mussels from clean than from polluted sites. Results of paired block designed transplant experiment demonstrated both regional and pollution effect, with mussels uniformly exhibiting higher responses on more impacted sites in each of the Adriatic regions. Biomarker status of mussels varied among Adriatic regions in dependence on the set of environmental variables, and between clean and polluted sites in dependence on measured concentrations of metals in mussels' tissue. Results of the mesocosm experiment revealed distinctive biomarker responses of two populations of different origin when exposed to common conditions. Multivariate description of biomarker activity and application of specific experiments allowed us to link environmental condition, exposure to pollution and seasonality to mussels' biomarker responses.
由于季节和空间变化的环境的复杂性，加上复杂的生物相互作用，因此很难确定生物对特定环境胁迫因素（包括化学污染）的反应。为了理清因果因素并揭示生物标志物的反应，我们在春季和秋季应用基于生物标志物的多元方法，对 15 个本地的地中海贻贝 Mytilus galloprovincialis 种群进行了研究。此外，我们还使用了这些种群中的一部分，在自然和实验室中清洁和污染环境之间进行了移植实验。本地种群中生物标志物反应的程度受季节的影响，并且来自清洁地点的贻贝在各季节之间的变化明显小于来自污染地点的贻贝。配对块设计移植实验的结果表明存在区域性和污染效应，在亚得里亚海地区的每个污染更严重的地点，贻贝的反应都更为一致。贻贝的生物标志物状态取决于环境变量集，在亚得里亚海地区之间存在差异，并且取决于贻贝组织中金属的实测浓度，在清洁和污染地点之间也存在差异。在暴露于共同条件时，两个不同来源的种群的中间实验揭示了独特的生物标志物反应。生物标志物活性的多元描述和特定实验的应用使我们能够将环境条件、暴露于污染和季节性与贻贝的生物标志物反应联系起来。
