Laboratory of Human Virology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
Gerência de Vigilância Epidemiológica-GVE/Coordenação de Análises e Pesquisa-CAP, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde-SES/Superintendência de Vigilância em Saúde-SUVISA/GO, Rua 136 Qd F44 Lt 22/24 Ed César Sebba-Setor Sul, Goiânia, 74-093-250, Goiás, Brazil.
Arch Virol. 2019 Nov;164(11):2645-2658. doi: 10.1007/s00705-019-04369-9. Epub 2019 Aug 9.
Anti-HBs antibodies develop after natural infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or vaccination against this virus, as a result of activation of the human immune system by the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). Anti-HBs-positive individuals are immunologically competent against HBV infection. This immunity is determined by the antibody levels in the bloodstream after resolution of natural infection or after vaccination. Anti-HBs antibody levels have been observed to decrease to below the protective level years after natural infection or vaccination, and there is reason to doubt that protective immunity to HBV is maintained after that. Factors that affect the maintenance of the anti-HBs antibody level in the bloodstream have been reported. Maintenance of immunity to HBV has been reported in anti-HBs negative individuals and those with detectable but low levels after natural infection or after vaccination. On the other hand, detection of anti-HBs antibodies without protective activity has also been observed. The presence or absence of anti-HBs antibodies in the context of HBV immunity has been the subject of extensive discussion and clinical, laboratory and epidemiological interest. These three scenarios of the anti-HBs response are discussed in this review article.
抗 -HBs 抗体在人体感染乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 或接种该病毒疫苗后产生，这是由于 HBV 表面抗原 (HBsAg) 激活了人体免疫系统的结果。抗 -HBs 阳性个体对 HBV 感染具有免疫能力。这种免疫力取决于自然感染或接种疫苗后血液中抗体的水平。在自然感染或接种疫苗多年后，人们观察到抗 -HBs 抗体水平下降到低于保护水平，并且有理由怀疑在那之后是否仍能维持对 HBV 的保护性免疫。已经报道了影响血液中抗 -HBs 抗体水平维持的因素。在自然感染或接种疫苗后，抗 -HBs 阴性个体和检测到但水平较低的个体中报告了对 HBV 的免疫维持。另一方面，也观察到了没有保护活性的抗 -HBs 抗体的检测。在 HBV 免疫的背景下，抗 -HBs 抗体的存在与否一直是广泛讨论和临床、实验室和流行病学关注的主题。本文讨论了抗 -HBs 反应的这三种情况。
