Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
Chemosphere. 2019 Dec;237:124499. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124499. Epub 2019 Jul 31.
Urban trees are a new tool for pollutant monitoring since gaseous and particulate pollutants can deposit in its barks. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels were determined in gaseous phase samples collected in polyurethane foam (PUF), total suspended particles (TSP) samples collected in quartz fiber filters and tree bark samples (Tipuana and Sibipiruna) collected in the surroundings of an industrial complex in the metropolitan area of São Paulo. Benzo(b)fluoranthene presented the highest average concentration in the TSP samples and phenanthrene, the highest average concentration in the PUF samples; the sum of carcinogenic equivalents for benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) for both phases was above 20 ng m, representing a high cancer risk. The most abundant PAH for tree barks was fluoranthene; low weight PAHs presented a higher abundance than the observed in TSP. Coronene (vehicular exhaust marker) presented good correlations with fluoranthene in the tree bark samples, suggesting an influence of vehicular emissions. A tree bark sample collected near the petrochemical area presented biomarkers of petrogenic origin (hopanoids) in the mass spectrum and an unresolved complex mixture (UCM) profile. The results suggested an influence of both vehicular and industrial sources on the air quality observed in the atmosphere and tree barks samples.
城市树木是一种用于监测污染物的新工具，因为气态和颗粒态污染物可以沉积在其树皮上。在圣保罗大都市区一个工业综合体周围采集的气态聚氨脂泡沫（PUF）样品中采集了多环芳烃（PAH），在石英纤维滤膜中采集了总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）样品，在 Tipuana 和 Sibipiruna 的树皮样品中采集了多环芳烃（PAH）。在 TSP 样品中，苯并（b）荧蒽的平均浓度最高，在 PUF 样品中，荧蒽的平均浓度最高；这两个相的苯并（a）芘（BaP）致癌等效物的总和超过 20ng/m，这代表着较高的癌症风险。对于树皮来说，最丰富的 PAH 是荧蒽；低重量 PAH 的丰度高于 TSP 中观察到的丰度。蔻烯（车辆排放标志物）与树皮样品中的荧蒽呈良好的相关性，表明车辆排放的影响。在石化区附近采集的一个树皮样品在质谱中呈现出生源标志物（藿烷）和未解析复杂混合物（UCM）特征。结果表明，车辆和工业源都对大气和树皮样品中的空气质量产生了影响。
