University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Sea Science, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy.
University of Messina, Dept. of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Messina University, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
Aquat Toxicol. 2019 Oct;215:105266. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105266. Epub 2019 Aug 2.
The persistent pollutants polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been demonstrated to produce several negative effects on marine organisms. Although Mytilus galloprovincialis was extensively studied as model system, the effects of PBDEs on the innate immune system of mussels remains unclear. In this study, except for the control treatment, specimens of M. galloprovincialis were fed with microalgae treated with increasing concentrations of PBDEs (maximum level 100 ng L of BDE-47 per day). BDE-47 treatment was maintained for 15 days and then the animals were fed with the same control diet, without contaminants, for 15 days. Samples of haemolymph (HL) were obtained at T0, T15 and T30 days of the experiment to evaluate different parameters related to immunity, such as neutral red retention time, and peroxidase, protease, antiprotease, lysozyme and bactericidal activities. BDE-47 exposure for 15 days affected both the stability of haemocytes and humoral parameters. In addition, the obtained results indicated that, at 30 days, after 15 days of culture without contaminant, the immune parameters were still affected, as some of them did not return to the basal levels, and others remained stimulated. Overall the results indicate that BDE-47 exposures at environmentally realistic levels may affect various aspects of immune function in M. galloprovincialis, acting as stressor that can compromise the general welfare.
持久性污染物多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）已被证明对海洋生物产生多种负面影响。尽管贻贝（Mytilus galloprovincialis）被广泛用作模型系统，但 PBDEs 对贻贝先天免疫系统的影响仍不清楚。在本研究中，除对照组外，贻贝用添加了不同浓度 PBDEs（每天最大浓度 100ng/L 的 BDE-47）的微藻进行投喂。BDE-47 处理持续 15 天，然后用相同的对照饲料（不含污染物）投喂 15 天。在实验的 T0、T15 和 T30 天采集血淋巴（HL）样本，以评估与免疫相关的不同参数，如中性红保留时间以及过氧化物酶、蛋白酶、抗蛋白酶、溶菌酶和杀菌活性。BDE-47 暴露 15 天影响了血红细胞的稳定性和体液参数。此外，研究结果表明，在 15 天无污染物培养后 30 天，免疫参数仍受到影响，因为其中一些未恢复到基础水平，而另一些仍处于刺激状态。总体而言，这些结果表明，在环境现实水平下，BDE-47 的暴露可能会影响贻贝多种免疫功能方面，作为一种应激源，可能会损害其整体福利。
