Messina Concetta Maria, Espinosa Ruiz Cristobal, Regoli Francesco, Manuguerra Simona, D'Agostino Fabio, Avellone Giuseppe, Sprovieri Mario, Santulli Andrea
University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy; Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (IAS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Capo Granitola, Trapani, Italy.
University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2020 Dec;107(Pt B):537-546. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.11.015. Epub 2020 Nov 18.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardants, characterized by elevated stability in the marine environment, where are accumulated by organisms, inducing a wide panel of negative effects. In this study, some biochemical patterns related to toxicity, biotransformation and oxidative stress, were studied in the marine model system, Mytilus galloprovincialis, exposed to BDE-47. Mussels were fed with microalgae, previously treated with increasing concentrations of PBDEs (maximum dose 100 ng L-1 of BDE-47 per day). After 15 days of treatment, mussels were fed with the same diet without BDE-47, for additional 15 days. Gills and digestive glands were analyzed at T 0, at 15 and 30 days. Histopathological lesions were assessed in digestive glands of contaminated mussels, while expression of genes, related to cell cycle, multidrug resistance, oxidative stress and detoxification was evaluated on both gills and digestive glands. After 15 days, BDE-47 exposure significantly affected the cell activity in digestive gland and, at 30 days, only mussels exposed to the lower doses showed a certain recovery. Regarding the gene expression, both gills and digestive glands showed a significant down-regulation of the target genes at 15 days, although most of them were up-regulated at 30 days in digestive gland. The results on BDE-47 accumulation in mussels revealed a dose-dependent concentration in tissues, which remained elevated after further 15 days of depuration. This trend supports the responses of the biomarkers, indicating that exposure, at environmentally realistic concentrations of BDE-47, strongly modulates oxidative stress and related patterns of gene expression, suggesting concerns for long-term effect in the biota.
多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）是一种阻燃剂，其特点是在海洋环境中稳定性较高，会在生物体内蓄积，并引发一系列负面影响。在本研究中，我们在暴露于BDE-47的海洋贻贝（Mytilus galloprovincialis）模型系统中，研究了一些与毒性、生物转化和氧化应激相关的生化模式。用预先经浓度递增的多溴二苯醚处理过的微藻（BDE-47的最大剂量为每天100纳克/升）喂养贻贝。处理15天后，用不含BDE-47的相同食物再喂养贻贝15天。在第0天、第15天和第30天对鳃和消化腺进行分析。评估受污染贻贝消化腺中的组织病理学损伤，同时在鳃和消化腺上评估与细胞周期、多药耐药性、氧化应激和解毒相关的基因表达。15天后，BDE-47暴露显著影响消化腺中的细胞活性，30天时只有暴露于较低剂量的贻贝表现出一定程度的恢复。关于基因表达，鳃和消化腺在15天时均显示目标基因显著下调，尽管在消化腺中大多数基因在30天时上调。贻贝中BDE-47蓄积的结果显示组织中的浓度呈剂量依赖性，在进一步净化15天后仍保持在较高水平。这一趋势支持了生物标志物的反应结果，表明在环境现实浓度的BDE-47暴露下，强烈调节氧化应激和相关基因表达模式，这提示了对生物群长期影响的担忧。
