Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Environmental Chemical Pollution and Health Research Unit, School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Nov;254(Pt A):112990. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.112990. Epub 2019 Aug 2.
The consumption of tonnes of anti-tubercular and other anti-microbial compounds for the control of the tuberculosis epidemic and other opportunistic diseases associated with human immunodeficiency virus presents tuberculosis-endemic countries such as South Africa, with a problem regarding the occurrence and fate of these compounds in the aquatic environment. The majority of these compounds are not readily degradable and could persist in the aquatic environment with potential detrimental effect on the aquatic microbiota ecosystem, development and dissemination of anti-microbial resistance as well as chronic toxicity in humans due to long-term exposure. This review summarises and discusses the occurrence, fate and potential adverse effects of the commonly administered anti-tubercular compounds in the aquatic environment in tuberculosis-endemic countries and South Africa in particular. It further attempts to identify information gaps in the literature regarding anti-tubercular compounds in the environment that needs further investigation so that their risk can be comprehensively assessed and impact mitigated.
大量的抗结核和其他抗微生物化合物被用于控制结核病流行和与人类免疫缺陷病毒相关的其他机会性疾病，这给南非等结核病流行国家带来了一个问题，即这些化合物在水环境中的出现和归宿。这些化合物中的大多数不易降解，可能会在水生态环境中持续存在，对水生微生物群落生态系统、抗微生物耐药性的产生和传播以及由于长期接触而对人类产生慢性毒性产生潜在的有害影响。本综述总结和讨论了在结核病流行国家，特别是南非，水生态环境中常用抗结核化合物的出现、归宿和潜在的不利影响。它还试图确定文献中关于环境中抗结核化合物的信息空白，需要进一步调查，以便全面评估其风险并减轻其影响。
