Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie/Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Immunol Rev. 2019 Sep;291(1):26-43. doi: 10.1111/imr.12769.
Our ability to mount a long-lasting and protective immune response relies on a variety of immune receptors that enable the recognition of ongoing infections, which triggers the adaptation of a myriad of immune cells. The organization of several immune receptors, such as the T cells receptor and several natural killer cell receptors, utilizes different modules for ligand recognition and signaling. These receptors require specific recognition mechanisms between the different modules in order to ensure proper assembly and function. Once assembled, immune receptors must remain inactive in the absence of ligand to prevent the onset of unwanted immune response. Indeed, several mechanisms exist to prevent aberrant immune receptor signaling in the absence of ligand to avert the initiation of uncontrolled autoimmunity. However, once a ligand is recognized, immune receptors must rapidly and specifically engage kinases to initiate highly regulated signaling cascades that lead to the initiation of transcriptional programs that dictate the immune response. Over the last decade, compelling evidence have been presented which suggest that electrostatic interactions are critical for many aspects of immune receptor functions. In the work that follows, we present an overview of the literature that have provided evidence that illustrate how electrostatic interactions regulate immune receptor assembly, inactive state, triggering, and signaling.
我们能够产生持久而有效的免疫反应，依赖于多种免疫受体，这些受体能够识别正在发生的感染，并触发无数免疫细胞的适应性变化。一些免疫受体，如 T 细胞受体和多种自然杀伤细胞受体，其组织利用不同的模块来识别配体和进行信号传递。这些受体需要不同模块之间的特定识别机制，以确保正确的组装和功能。一旦组装完成，免疫受体在没有配体的情况下必须保持非活性状态，以防止不需要的免疫反应的发生。事实上，存在几种机制来防止配体缺失时免疫受体信号的异常，以避免不受控制的自身免疫的发生。然而，一旦配体被识别，免疫受体必须迅速而特异性地结合激酶，以启动高度调控的信号级联反应，从而启动决定免疫反应的转录程序。在过去的十年中，有令人信服的证据表明，静电相互作用对于免疫受体功能的许多方面都是至关重要的。在接下来的工作中，我们将综述文献，这些文献提供了证据，说明静电相互作用如何调节免疫受体的组装、非活性状态、触发和信号传递。
