School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Crit Rev Microbiol. 2019 Sep-Nov;45(5-6):564-580. doi: 10.1080/1040841X.2019.1648381. Epub 2019 Aug 12.
Bovine mastitis is a disease with a multi-etiological nature, defined as an inflammation of the udder. The main treatment for mastitis is the administration of antibiotics - usually directly to the udder. There is an urgent need for novel therapies to treat and prevent the disease, given the widespread emergence of antibiotic resistance and concomitant problems in the treatment of human and animal infections. We provide an overview of treatments for bovine mastitis, with emphasis on probiotics, bacteriocins, bacteriophages (phages), and phage endolysins. Probiotics have in recent years proved to be particularly efficacious in bovine mastitis treatment and prevention. In this case, the mode of action is most likely to be due to stimulation of the host immune response which clears the mastitis pathogen. Bacteriocins have the potential to be incorporated into teat washes and wipes, thus preventing pathogen spread on the farm. Phage therapy is limited by the inability of some phages to replicate in raw milk, as reported for some staphylococcal phages, and by their narrow host specificity. The use of phage endolysins is more promising, by enabling the development of broad host range potent antimicrobials, but additional research is required in terms of efficacy, safety and production.
奶牛乳腺炎是一种多病因的疾病，定义为乳房炎症。乳腺炎的主要治疗方法是使用抗生素——通常直接注射到乳房。鉴于抗生素耐药性的广泛出现以及人类和动物感染的治疗问题，迫切需要新的疗法来治疗和预防这种疾病。我们提供了奶牛乳腺炎治疗方法的概述，重点介绍了益生菌、细菌素、噬菌体（噬菌体）和噬菌体溶素。近年来，益生菌已被证明在治疗和预防奶牛乳腺炎方面特别有效。在这种情况下，作用模式很可能是由于刺激宿主免疫反应，从而清除乳腺炎病原体。细菌素有可能被纳入乳头洗涤和擦拭液中，从而防止病原体在农场传播。噬菌体疗法受到一些噬菌体在生牛奶中无法复制的限制，正如一些葡萄球菌噬菌体所报告的那样，并且受到其宿主特异性狭窄的限制。噬菌体溶素的使用更有前途，因为它能够开发出广谱、强效的抗菌药物，但在疗效、安全性和生产方面还需要进一步的研究。
