Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey.
Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Nov;254(Pt A):113011. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113011. Epub 2019 Aug 5.
Microplastics (plastic particles <5 mm) are a contaminant of increasing ecotoxicological concern in aquatic environments, as well as for human health. Although microplastic pollution is widespread across the land, water, and air, these environments are commonly considered independently; however, in reality are closely linked. This study aims to review the scientific literature related microplastic research in different environmental compartments and to identify the research gaps for the assessment of future research priorities. Over 200 papers involving microplastic pollution, published between 2006 and 2018, are identified in the Web of Science database. The original research articles in 'Environmental Sciences', 'Marine/Freshwater Biology', 'Toxicology', 'Multidisciplinary Sciences', 'Environmental Studies', 'Oceanography', 'Limnology' and 'Ecology' categories of Web of Science are selected to investigate microplastic research in seas, estuaries, rivers, lakes, soil and atmosphere. The papers identified for seas, estuaries, rivers and lakes are further classified according to (i) occurrence and characterization (ii) uptake by and effects in organisms, and (iii) fate and transport issues. The results reveal that whilst marine microplastics have received substantial scientific research, the extent of microplastic pollution in continental environments, such as rivers, lakes, soil and air, and environmental interactions, remains poorly understood.
微塑料（粒径<5 毫米的塑料颗粒）是水生环境中生态毒理学日益关注的污染物，也会对人类健康造成影响。尽管陆地、水和空气中都广泛存在微塑料污染，但这些环境通常被视为相互独立的，但实际上它们是紧密相连的。本研究旨在综述不同环境介质中有关微塑料的研究文献，并确定评估未来研究重点的研究空白。在 Web of Science 数据库中，共检索到 200 多篇涉及微塑料污染的论文，这些论文发表于 2006 年至 2018 年之间。从 Web of Science 数据库的“环境科学”、“海洋/淡水生物学”、“毒理学”、“多学科科学”、“环境研究”、“海洋学”、“湖沼学”和“生态学”类别中选择了原始研究文章，以调查海洋、河口、河流、湖泊、土壤和大气中的微塑料研究。针对海洋、河口、河流和湖泊的论文，根据以下三个方面进行了进一步分类：（i）出现和特征描述；（ii）生物体的吸收和影响；以及（iii）归宿和传输问题。结果表明，虽然海洋微塑料已受到大量科学研究的关注，但大陆环境（如河流、湖泊、土壤和空气）中微塑料污染的程度以及环境相互作用仍知之甚少。
