Sudden hearing loss: an update.

Etiologic theories of idiopathic SHL include viral infection, autoimmune disease, vascular insult, and labyrinthine membrane rupture. A review of recent literature on sudden hearing loss indicates that scientific support for viral and autoimmune etiologic mechanisms is increasing. Recently studied treatment protocols include carbogen inhalation and steroid therapy. In patients with moderate hearing losses, oral steroids may be beneficial.