Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Universidad de Los Andes , Bogotá , Colombia.
Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra , 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
Mycologia. 2019 Sep-Oct;111(5):758-771. doi: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1636608. Epub 2019 Aug 13.
To meet a global demand for timber, tree plantations were established in South America during the first half of the 20th century. Extensive plantings of non-native species now are found in Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay. In Colombia, miscellaneous plantations were established in the 1950s, during a period of intensive local logging, when policies to limit deforestation in native forests were established. One unforeseen consequence of planting non-native trees was the simultaneous introduction and subsequent persistence of ectomycorrhizal fungi. We sought to document the origins and spread of the introduced found in Colombian plantations of the Mexican species , North American species , and Australian species and . In Colombia, is establishing a novel association with native and has spread to local forests. According to a Bayesian phylogeny and haplotype analysis based on the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8-ITS2 (ITS barcode), individuals found in four exotic plant species, and those colonizing roots, have a Eurasian origin and belong to two Eurasian haplotypes. This is the first time the spread of an introduced mutualist fungus into native Colombian forests is reported. To arrest its spread, we suggest the use of local inocula made up of native fungi, instead of inocula of introduced fungi.
为了满足全球对木材的需求，20 世纪上半叶在南美洲建立了人工林。现在在巴西、智利、阿根廷和乌拉圭发现了大量的非本地物种种植。在哥伦比亚，20 世纪 50 年代在当地伐木活动密集期间建立了各种种植园，当时制定了限制原生林砍伐的政策。种植非本地树木的一个意想不到的后果是外生菌根真菌的同时引入和随后的持续存在。我们试图记录在哥伦比亚的人工林（墨西哥种、北美种和澳大利亚种）中发现的外来种的起源和传播。在哥伦比亚，正在与本地建立新的联系，并已传播到当地的森林。根据基于核 rDNA 内转录间隔区 ITS1-5.8-ITS2（ITS 条码）的贝叶斯系统发育和单倍型分析，在四种外来植物物种中发现的个体，以及那些定殖的根，具有欧亚起源，并属于两个欧亚单倍型。这是首次报道引入的共生真菌传播到当地的哥伦比亚森林。为了阻止其传播，我们建议使用由本地真菌组成的本地接种体，而不是引入的真菌接种体。
