Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney Australia.
J Sports Sci. 2019 Nov;37(22):2522-2529. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1647032. Epub 2019 Aug 13.
The aim of the present study was to determine the factors affecting sports involvement in a school-based adolescent population. The cross-sectional cohort study assessed anthropometry, physical capacities and motor competence in 501 boys (aged 10-16 y), from junior (1012 y) and senior (1316 y) cohorts. Sports participation data was collected from junior participants. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed moderate maturity, anthropometry, physical capacity and motor competence differences between sports in the senior cohort (F = 2.616, < 0.001, η = .08), but not in the junior cohort. Furthermore, differences in physical fitness were revealed between playing levels (F = 2.616, < 0.001, η = .08), with a discriminant analysis correctly classifying 73% of participants using aerobic fitness and vertical jump measures. Representative level participants engaged in more structured training and commenced organised competition at a later age (F = 4.332, < 0.001, η = .21). This study's findings are twofold: 1) physical and motor competence profiles differ more between sports with increasing age, and 2) participants at a higher level of competition report delayed engagement in their main sport. As a result, schools may be the ideal environment in which to provide children and adolescents with the opportunity to sample different sports.
本研究旨在确定影响青少年参与运动的因素。该横断面队列研究评估了 501 名男孩（年龄 10-16 岁）的人体测量学、体能和运动能力，这些男孩来自初中（10-12 岁）和高中（13-16 岁）队列。运动参与数据是从初中参与者那里收集的。多变量协方差分析显示，高中队列中不同运动项目之间存在中等程度的成熟度、人体测量学、体能和运动能力差异（F=2.616， <0.001，η=0.08），但初中队列中没有差异。此外，还发现不同的体能水平之间存在差异（F=2.616， <0.001，η=0.08），使用有氧健身和垂直跳跃测量可以正确地对 73%的参与者进行分类。代表性水平的参与者参与了更多的结构化训练，并在更晚的年龄开始参加有组织的比赛（F=4.332， <0.001，η=0.21）。本研究的发现有两个方面：1）随着年龄的增长，身体和运动能力的差异在不同运动项目之间更加明显；2）参加高水平比赛的参与者报告说，他们的主要运动项目的参与时间较晚。因此，学校可能是为儿童和青少年提供机会尝试不同运动的理想环境。
