a Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real , Portugal.
b School of Education, Communication and Sport, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda , Guarda , Portugal.
J Sports Sci. 2019 Oct;37(19):2220-2227. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1626114. Epub 2019 Jun 4.
The aims of this study were to examine the medium-term effects of previous experiences during early stages of sport development on physical capacities of under-13 (U-13) talented basketball players and, to identify variables that discriminated under-14 (U-14) national team training camp selection. Anthropometrical and physical measurements were collected during a basketball training camp. Previous sport experiences (6-10 years), maturity offset, power outputs for jumping and sprinting were determined. A cluster analysis was used to allocate the subjects according to their different levels of sport experiences (more specialized vs. less specialized) to allow creating a dummy variable for the subsequent analysis of the physical variables. A stepwise discriminant analysis was computed to identify the construct that best classifies selected and non-selected players for U-14 national team training camp. The less specialized group outscored more specialized in all physical parameters, irrespectively of gender. The Abalakov Jump Peak Power and Predicted Adult Height (PAH) could successfully discriminate selected from non-selected players for U-14 national team training camp in boys and PAHin girls. The diversified and non-specific sport stimulus during early ages seem to be determinant to the acquisition and development of fundamental movement skills of talented basketball players.
本研究旨在探讨运动员早期运动发展阶段的既往经历对 13 岁以下（U-13）有天赋的篮球运动员身体素质的中期影响，并确定可区分 14 岁以下（U-14）国家队训练营选拔的变量。在篮球训练营期间收集了人体测量和身体素质测量数据。确定了既往运动经历（6-10 年）、成熟度偏移、跳跃和冲刺的功率输出。使用聚类分析根据运动员的不同运动经历水平（更专业化与非专业化）对受试者进行分组，以便为随后的身体素质变量分析创建一个虚拟变量。进行逐步判别分析以确定最佳构建体，以对 U-14 国家队训练营的入选和未入选运动员进行分类。无论性别如何，非专业化组在所有身体素质参数上的得分均高于专业化组。在男孩中，Abalakov 跳跃峰值功率和预测成人身高（PAH）可成功区分入选和未入选 U-14 国家队训练营的运动员，而在女孩中则是 PAH。在幼儿期接受多样化和非特定的运动刺激似乎是决定有天赋的篮球运动员获得和发展基本运动技能的决定因素。
