School of Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2019 Dec;32(6):745-753. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12666. Epub 2019 Aug 14.
The prevalence of weight loss attempts has increased worldwide, although the extent to which sustained weight loss is achieved is unknown. There is insufficient research into weight loss maintenance (WLM) in individuals with overweight or obesity who have recently lost clinically significant amounts of weight (≥5%), particularly in the European general population. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and retrospective predictors of WLM in population-based samples of European adults with overweight or obesity who had made a recently completed weight loss attempt.
Participants (N = 2000) in UK, Denmark and Portugal completed an online survey about loss and regain in their most recent completed weight loss attempt, features of their attempt (duration, self-weighing, lapses, strategies), as well as loss of control and binge eating. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine factors retrospectively associated with WLM in those who achieved clinically significant weight loss (n = 1272).
Mean (SD) self-reported weight loss was 9% (8%) and mean (SD) regain was 96.3% (9%) of participants' start weight. Twenty-three percent of the total sample had maintained weight loss of ≥5% for at least 1 month. Controlling for weight loss and time since attempt, predictors of better WLM were avoidance of a temporary lapse, infrequent/absent loss of control and binge eating, and use of a greater number of dietary strategies for WLM (r = 0.338, P < 0.001).
Factors associated with recent successful WLM indicate the importance of the continued use of dietary and other strategies for WLM, particularly in the face of a lapse, as well as the need to manage dysfunctional eating behaviours.
全球范围内尝试减肥的人数有所增加，尽管尚不清楚有多少人能够维持持续的体重减轻。对于超重或肥胖且最近成功减去 5%以上临床显著体重的个体（尤其是在欧洲普通人群中），人们对体重维持（WLM）的研究还不够充分。本研究旨在确定超重或肥胖的欧洲成年人中最近完成减肥尝试的人群中 WLM 的流行率和回顾性预测因子。
英国、丹麦和葡萄牙的参与者（N=2000）完成了一项关于他们最近完成的减肥尝试中损失和恢复的在线调查，包括他们尝试的特征（持续时间、自我称重、失误、策略），以及失控和暴食。多元回归分析用于确定在那些达到临床显著体重减轻（n=1272）的人中，与 WLM 相关的回顾性因素。
参与者自我报告的平均（SD）体重减轻为 9%（8%），平均（SD）体重恢复为 96.3%（9%）。总样本的 23%至少维持了 1 个月的减肥效果。在控制体重减轻和尝试时间后，更好的 WLM 的预测因子包括避免暂时失误、不频繁/不存在失控和暴食，以及使用更多的饮食策略来维持 WLM（r=0.338，P<0.001）。
与最近成功的 WLM 相关的因素表明，继续使用饮食和其他 WLM 策略非常重要，特别是在面对失误时，同时也需要管理功能失调的饮食行为。
