Knoblauch Astrid M, de la Rosa Sara, Sherman Judith, Blauvelt Carla, Matemba Charles, Maxim Luciana, Defawe Olivier D, Gueye Abdoulaye, Robertson Joanie, McKinney Jesse, Brew Joe, Paz Enrique, Small Peter M, Tanner Marcel, Rakotosamimanana Niaina, Grandjean Lapierre Simon
Mycobacteria Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
BMJ Glob Health. 2019 Jul 30;4(4):e001541. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001541. eCollection 2019.
Drones are increasingly being used globally for the support of healthcare programmes. Madagascar, Malawi and Senegal are among a group of early adopters piloting the use of bi-directional transport drones for health systems in sub-Saharan Africa. This article presents the experiences as well as the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT analysis) of these country projects. Methods for addressing regulatory, feasibility, acceptability, and monitoring and evaluation issues are presented to guide future implementations. Main recommendations for governments, implementers, drone providers and funders include (1) developing more reliable technologies, (2) thorough vetting of drone providers' capabilities during the selection process, (3) using and strengthening local capacity, (4) building in-country markets and businesses to maintain drone operations locally, (5) coordinating efforts among all stakeholders under government leadership, (6) implementing and identifying funding for long-term projects beyond pilots, and (7) evaluating impacts via standardised indicators. Sharing experiences and evidence from ongoing projects is needed to advance the use of drones for healthcare.
无人机在全球范围内越来越多地被用于支持医疗保健项目。马达加斯加、马拉维和塞内加尔是撒哈拉以南非洲地区率先试点将双向运输无人机用于卫生系统的国家。本文介绍了这些国家项目的经验以及优势、劣势、机遇和威胁（SWOT分析）。还介绍了应对监管、可行性、可接受性以及监测和评估问题的方法，以指导未来的实施。对政府、实施者、无人机供应商和资助者的主要建议包括：（1）开发更可靠的技术；（2）在选择过程中全面审查无人机供应商的能力；（3）利用并加强当地能力；（4）建立国内市场和企业以在当地维持无人机运营；（5）在政府领导下协调所有利益相关者的努力；（6）为试点以外的长期项目实施并确定资金；（7）通过标准化指标评估影响。需要分享正在进行的项目的经验和证据，以推动无人机在医疗保健领域的应用。
