LeCounte Erica S, Swain Geoffrey R
City of Milwaukee Health Department, Milwaukee, WI.
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.
J Patient Cent Res Rev. 2017 Nov 6;4(4):213-220. doi: 10.17294/2330-0698.1576. eCollection 2017 Fall.
Life expectancy at birth is used as a barometer of the health and well-being of a population. Life expectancies vary widely across Wisconsin counties. While much of the analysis of life expectancy in Wisconsin has focused on counties, there may be important differences in life expectancy within counties by zip code.
To calculate life expectancy, death count data and population estimates were entered into an abridged life table using the Chiang methodology. Data were linked with measures from the American Community Survey to examine the relationship between life expectancy and zip code characteristics.
Life expectancy varies greatly across zip codes in Milwaukee County. Overall, there was a 12-year difference in the life expectancy of children born into zip codes with the lowest and highest life expectancy: 53206 (71.3 years) and 53217 (83.2 years). There was a strong positive correlation between life expectancy and median household income (r=0.784, P<0.0001), educational attainment of a bachelor's degree or higher (r=0.741, P<0.0001) and the socioeconomic index combining education and income (r=0.819, P<0.0001).
Disparities in life expectancy within Milwaukee County are stark and correlate with differences in social and economic factors. To improve health outcomes such as life expectancy, health care practitioners and health care systems must become more involved in activities at the social and policy levels to improve social and economic conditions that would allow their patients to live healthier and longer lives.
出生时预期寿命被用作衡量人口健康和福祉的指标。威斯康星州各郡的预期寿命差异很大。虽然威斯康星州对预期寿命的分析大多集中在郡层面，但在郡内按邮政编码划分，预期寿命可能存在重要差异。
为计算预期寿命，将死亡人数数据和人口估计数输入使用蒋氏方法的简略寿命表。数据与美国社区调查的指标相关联，以研究预期寿命与邮政编码特征之间的关系。
密尔沃基郡各邮政编码区域的预期寿命差异极大。总体而言，出生在预期寿命最低和最高的邮政编码区域的儿童，预期寿命相差12岁：分别为53206（71.3岁）和53217（83.2岁）。预期寿命与家庭收入中位数（r = 0.784，P < 0.0001）、学士学位及以上教育程度（r = 0.741，P < 0.0001）以及结合教育和收入的社会经济指数（r = 0.819，P < 0.0001）之间存在强烈的正相关。
密尔沃基郡内预期寿命的差异十分明显，且与社会和经济因素的差异相关。为改善诸如预期寿命等健康结果，医疗从业者和医疗保健系统必须更多地参与社会和政策层面的活动，以改善社会和经济状况，使患者能够更健康长寿地生活。
