Leighton Ku, Erin Brantley, and Drishti Pillai are with the Center for Health Policy Management, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC.
Am J Public Health. 2019 Oct;109(10):1446-1451. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2019.305232. Epub 2019 Aug 15.
To assess the effects of work requirements for able-bodied adults without dependents in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). We used changes in waivers of work requirements to assess the impact of requiring work on the number of SNAP participants and benefit levels in 2410 US counties from 2013 to 2017 using 2-way fixed effects models. Adoption of work requirements was followed by reductions of 3.0% in total SNAP participation, 4.5% in SNAP households, and 3.8% in SNAP benefit dollars, after controlling for the unemployment, poverty, and Medicaid expansions. Because able-bodied adults without dependents comprise 8% to 9% of all SNAP participants, our findings indicate that work requirements caused more than one third of able-bodied adults without dependents to lose benefits. Expansions of work requirements caused about 600 000 participants to lose SNAP benefits from 2013 to 2017 and caused a reduction of about $2.5 billion in federal SNAP benefits in 2017. The losses occurred rapidly, beginning a few months after work requirements were imposed. SNAP work requirements rapidly reduce caseloads and benefits, reducing food and health access. Effects on participation could be similar for work requirements in Medicaid or other programs.
评估补充营养援助计划（SNAP）中对无子女的健全成年人的工作要求的影响。我们使用工作要求豁免的变化，使用双向固定效应模型，评估 2013 年至 2017 年期间，在 2410 个美国县实施工作要求对 SNAP 参与者人数和福利水平的影响。在控制失业、贫困和医疗补助扩大的情况下，实施工作要求后，SNAP 总参与率下降了 3.0%，SNAP 家庭下降了 4.5%，SNAP 福利金下降了 3.8%。由于无子女的健全成年人占 SNAP 参与者的 8%至 9%，我们的研究结果表明，工作要求导致超过三分之一的无子女健全成年人失去了福利。工作要求的扩大导致 2013 年至 2017 年间约有 60 万名参与者失去了 SNAP 福利，并导致 2017 年联邦 SNAP 福利减少约 25 亿美元。这些损失发生得很快，在实施工作要求后的几个月就开始了。SNAP 工作要求迅速减少了受益人数和福利，减少了食物和健康的获取。在医疗补助或其他计划中的工作要求可能对参与度产生类似的影响。
