Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Damascus Road, P.O. Box 11-5076, Riad el Solh, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon.
Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Damascus Road, P.O. Box 11-5076, Riad el Solh, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon.
Nutrients. 2019 Aug 14;11(8):1896. doi: 10.3390/nu11081896.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a frequent neurodegenerative disease among elderly people. Genetic and underlying environmental factors seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of PD related to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum. In previous experimental researches oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, homocysteine, and neuroinflammation have been reported as potential mechanisms. Among environmental factors, nutrition is one of the most investigated areas as it is a potentially modifiable factor. The purpose of this review is to provide current knowledge regarding the relation between diet and PD risk. We performed a comprehensive review including the most relevant studies from the year 2000 onwards including prospective studies, nested case-control studies, and meta-analysis. Among dietary factors we focused on specific nutrients and food groups, alcoholic beverages, uric acid, and dietary patterns. Furthermore, we included studies on microbiota as recent findings have shown a possible impact on neurodegeneration. As a conclusion, there are still many controversies regarding the relationship between PD and diet which, beside methodological differences among studies, may be due to underlying genetic and gender-specific factors. However, some evidence exists regarding a potential protective effect of uric acid, poly-unsaturated fatty acids, coffee, and tea but mainly in men, whereas dairy products, particularly milk, might increase PD risk through contaminant mediated effect.
帕金森病（PD）是老年人中常见的神经退行性疾病。遗传和潜在的环境因素似乎与纹状体中多巴胺能神经元变性有关的 PD 发病机制有关。在以前的实验研究中，氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍、同型半胱氨酸和神经炎症被报道为潜在的机制。在环境因素中，营养是研究最多的领域之一，因为它是一个潜在可改变的因素。本综述的目的是提供关于饮食与 PD 风险之间关系的最新知识。我们进行了一项全面的综述，包括 2000 年以来最相关的研究，包括前瞻性研究、巢式病例对照研究和荟萃分析。在饮食因素中，我们重点关注特定的营养素和食物组、酒精饮料、尿酸和饮食模式。此外，我们还包括了关于微生物组的研究，因为最近的发现表明其可能对神经退行性变有影响。总之，关于 PD 和饮食之间的关系仍然存在许多争议，除了研究之间的方法学差异外，这可能还与潜在的遗传和性别特异性因素有关。然而，一些证据表明尿酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、咖啡和茶具有潜在的保护作用，但主要是在男性中，而乳制品，特别是牛奶，可能通过污染物介导的作用增加 PD 风险。
