Departement of human medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
Nutrients. 2018 Jun 1;10(6):708. doi: 10.3390/nu10060708.
In recent years evidence has emerged that neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are strongly associated with the microbiome composition in the gut. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most intensively studied neurodegenerative disease in this context. In this review, we performed a systematic evaluation of the published literature comparing changes in colonic microbiome in PD to the ones observed in other NDs including Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To enhance the comparability of different studies, only human case-control studies were included. Several studies showed an increase of , , Verrucomicrobiaceae and in PD. A decrease of spp., spp., spp., spp. and Prevotellaceae was observed in PD. On a low taxonomic resolution, like the phylum level, the changes are not disease-specific and are inconsistent. However, on a higher taxonomic resolution like genus or species level, a minor overlap was observed between PD and MSA, both alpha synucleinopathies. We show that standardization of sample collection and analysis is necessary for ensuring the reproducibility and comparability of data. We also provide evidence that assessing the microbiota composition at high taxonomic resolution reveals changes in relative abundance that may be specific to or characteristic of one disease or disease group, and might evolve discriminative power. The interactions between bacterial species and strains and the co-abundances must be investigated before assumptions about the effects of specific bacteria on the host can be made with certainty.
近年来，有证据表明神经退行性疾病（NDs）与肠道微生物群落组成密切相关。帕金森病（PD）是这方面研究最深入的神经退行性疾病。在本综述中，我们对已发表的文献进行了系统评估，比较了 PD 患者结肠微生物群落的变化与其他 NDs（包括阿尔茨海默病（AD）、多系统萎缩（MSA）、多发性硬化症（MS）、视神经脊髓炎（NMO）和肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS））中观察到的变化。为了增强不同研究的可比性，仅纳入了人类病例对照研究。几项研究表明 PD 患者中 、 、Verrucomicrobiaceae 和 增加。PD 患者中 spp.、 spp.、 spp.、 spp.和 Prevotellaceae 减少。在较低的分类分辨率（如门水平），变化不是疾病特异性的，且不一致。然而，在较高的分类分辨率（如属或种水平），PD 和 MSA（同为α-突触核蛋白病）之间观察到较小的重叠。我们表明，为了确保数据的可重复性和可比性，有必要对样本收集和分析进行标准化。我们还提供了证据，表明在高分类分辨率评估微生物群落组成可以揭示相对丰度的变化，这些变化可能特定于或特征于一种疾病或疾病组，并可能具有区分能力。在对特定细菌对宿主的影响做出明确假设之前，必须研究细菌物种和菌株之间的相互作用以及共同丰度。
