Primary Mediastinal Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Presenting with Superior Vena Cava Syndrome.

A mediastinal small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (MSCNC) is a rare form of neuroendocrine malignancy. Diagnosis is challenging and requires pathological identification and imaging studies. These tumors are aggressive and recurrence and metastases frequently complicate patient management. Here, we present a case of superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome secondary to circumferential compression by a primary MSCNC.