Dong Shan Shan, Zhang Di Ni, Zhang Zhen Hua, Yu Ci Gang, Liu Yan, Zhao Hai Ming, Wang Chang Yong
Key Laboratory on Biosafety of Environmental Protection, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China.
State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2019 Aug;30(8):2845-2853. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201908.031.
The safety of feed derived from genetically modified (GM) crops is one of the focuses of attention. To evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of transgenic mCry1Ac maize (BT799) on fish, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were fed extruded feeds containing either 20% GM maize (GMF) or its parental control maize (PF), GM maize meal (GMM) or its parental control maize meal (PMM), and a control commercial feed (CF), respectively. The growth performance, histopathology, reproduction, antioxidant enzyme activity and mRNA expression levels of sensitive protein in the liver were investigated over the course of a 98-day feeding trial. The results showed that transgenic mCry1Ac maize had no significant effect on growth, histopathology of the liver, brain and intestinal tract, fecundity, hatching rate of fertilized eggs, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activity, mRNA expression levels of SOD and CAT, or heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and vitellogenin (VTG) in the liver. However, zebrafish fed the commercial feed exhibited significantly greater weight, longer length, and higher specific growth rate than those fed feeds (GMF and PF) and maize meals (GMM and PMM). The hatching rate of zebrafish in the feed groups was significantly lower than that of the maize meal groups and the commercial feed group. The mRNA transcriptional levels of VTG were significantly higher in the liver for the feed groups (3.85±0.76) than that for the maize meal groups (1.60±0.56). These results suggest that transgenic mCry1Ac maize has no ecotoxicological effects on zebrafish. However, the differences in nutrient composition and palatability between the extruded experimental feeds and the commercial feed would lead to significant diffe-rences in some parameters.
转基因（GM）作物衍生饲料的安全性是人们关注的焦点之一。为评估转基因mCry1Ac玉米（BT799）对鱼类的生态毒理学影响，分别用含有20%转基因玉米（GMF）或其亲本对照玉米（PF）、转基因玉米粉（GMM）或其亲本对照玉米粉（PMM）以及对照商业饲料（CF）的挤压饲料喂养斑马鱼（Danio rerio）。在为期98天的喂养试验过程中，研究了斑马鱼的生长性能、组织病理学、繁殖、抗氧化酶活性以及肝脏中敏感蛋白的mRNA表达水平。结果表明，转基因mCry1Ac玉米对斑马鱼的生长、肝脏、脑和肠道的组织病理学、繁殖力、受精卵孵化率、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、SOD和CAT的mRNA表达水平，或肝脏中的热休克蛋白70（HSP70）和卵黄蛋白原（VTG）均无显著影响。然而，喂食商业饲料的斑马鱼比喂食饲料（GMF和PF）以及玉米粉（GMM和PMM）的斑马鱼体重显著更重、体长更长且特定生长率更高。饲料组斑马鱼的孵化率显著低于玉米粉组和商业饲料组。饲料组肝脏中VTG的mRNA转录水平（3.85±0.76）显著高于玉米粉组（1.60±0.56）。这些结果表明，转基因mCry1Ac玉米对斑马鱼没有生态毒理学影响。然而，挤压实验饲料与商业饲料在营养成分和适口性方面的差异会导致一些参数出现显著差异。
