Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University of Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2019 Nov 1;317(5):H891-H922. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00259.2019. Epub 2019 Aug 16.
Cell death is a fundamental process in cardiac pathologies. Recent studies have revealed multiple forms of cell death, and several of them have been demonstrated to underlie adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure. With the expansion in the area of myocardial cell death and increasing concerns over rigor and reproducibility, it is important and timely to set a guideline for the best practices of evaluating myocardial cell death. There are six major forms of regulated cell death observed in cardiac pathologies, namely apoptosis, necroptosis, mitochondrial-mediated necrosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagic cell death. In this article, we describe the best methods to identify, measure, and evaluate these modes of myocardial cell death. In addition, we discuss the limitations of currently practiced myocardial cell death mechanisms.
细胞死亡是心脏病理学中的一个基本过程。最近的研究揭示了多种形式的细胞死亡，其中一些已被证明是导致心脏不良重构和心力衰竭的原因。随着心肌细胞死亡领域的不断扩展，以及对严谨性和可重复性的日益关注，制定评估心肌细胞死亡的最佳实践指南非常重要且及时。在心脏病理学中观察到六种主要的调节性细胞死亡形式，即细胞凋亡、坏死性凋亡、线粒体介导的坏死、细胞焦亡、铁死亡和自噬性细胞死亡。在本文中，我们描述了识别、测量和评估这些心肌细胞死亡方式的最佳方法。此外，我们还讨论了目前实践中细胞死亡机制的局限性。
