Howard J, Taylor J A, Ganikos M L, Holder H D, Godwin D F, Taylor E D
Prevention Research Branch, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, (NIAAA), Rockville, MD 20857.
Public Health Rep. 1988 Nov-Dec;103(6):674-83.
Efforts to curtail alcohol abuse and alcoholism can be divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention attempts to stop a problem or illness from occurring in the first place. Secondary prevention identifies persons in the early stages of problematic or illness behavior and refers them for counseling or treatment, which is considered tertiary prevention. Five research areas concerned with primary and secondary prevention are selected for discussion: youth, the mass media, the worksite, blacks and Hispanics, and alcohol-related behavior that increases the risk of AIDS. Several of these themes have been in the forefront of alcohol prevention research; others such as AIDS are emergent areas of injury. The discussion to follow briefly summarizes research approaches, key findings, methodological shortcomings, and suggested issues for future investigation. Although scientifically solid prevention studies have been conducted, more rigorous, more comprehensive, and more innovative research is needed. Given the dynamic sociocultural and economic systems in which prevention occurs, research techniques that can address this complexity are required. A range of appropriate methodologies is described.
减少酒精滥用和酗酒的努力可分为一级预防、二级预防和三级预防。一级预防旨在从一开始就阻止问题或疾病的发生。二级预防识别处于问题行为或疾病行为早期阶段的人，并将他们转介接受咨询或治疗，这被视为三级预防。本文选择了五个与一级和二级预防相关的研究领域进行讨论：青少年、大众媒体、工作场所、黑人和西班牙裔，以及增加艾滋病风险的与酒精相关的行为。其中一些主题一直处于酒精预防研究的前沿；其他主题，如艾滋病，是新出现的伤害领域。接下来的讨论简要总结了研究方法、主要发现、方法上的不足，以及对未来调查的建议问题。尽管已经开展了科学严谨的预防研究，但仍需要更严格、更全面和更具创新性的研究。鉴于预防工作所处的动态社会文化和经济系统，需要能够应对这种复杂性的研究技术。本文描述了一系列合适的方法。
