Sloboda Z
National Institute on Drug Abuse, Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Rockville Md 20857, USA.
Public Health Rep. 1998 Jun;113 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):194-204.
After more than 10 years of experience conducting behavioral changes interventions and with accumulated research results, several emergent principle have been identified for the effective prevention of HIV-transmission among drug abusers. In August 1997, a symposium was held in Flagstaff, Arizona, to achieve tow major purposes: (1) to synthesize the finding from HIV prevention research conducted to date for interventions targeting drug abusers and (2) to extract a preliminary set of prevention principles that could be linked to effectiveness across at least two or more studies. This chapter summarizes the key findings of that symposium.
Major finding were abstracted from the conclusion sections of the presentations and from the chapters included in this special volume. Many consistencies regarding intervention approaches across studies were noted. These findings are discussed under the following headings: General Observations, Engagement, Multiple Interventions, Intervention Issues, Methodological Issues, and Translation from Research to Practice. Suggested areas for further research are also presented and discussed.
Ten principles that have implications for HIV prevention interventions emerged from this preliminary review of the research. These principles engage drug users into the intervention; specify target behaviors and attitudes for intervention; suggest setting to optimize outreach: and recommend booster approaches to reinforce knowledge, skills, and attitudes learned through the intervention.
The drug abuse community is threatened by the incursion of HIV and by the hepatitis viruses A, B, and C. The same behaviors are involved in transmitting all of these viruses. The first generation of research to assess the impact of a variety of interventions delivered among drug abusers to prevent HIV has shown consistently favorable findings, proving that drug abusers can be helped to change their risky drug-using behaviors and, to a lesser extent, their risky sexual behaviors. The need to translate these findings for community practitioners is heightened by the devastating impact of HIV and AIDS.
在开展行为改变干预措施并积累研究成果10多年后，已确定了若干新出现的原则，以有效预防吸毒者中的艾滋病毒传播。1997年8月，在亚利桑那州弗拉格斯塔夫举行了一次研讨会，以实现两个主要目标：（1）综合迄今为止针对吸毒者干预措施开展的艾滋病毒预防研究结果；（2）提炼出一套初步的预防原则，这些原则至少可与两项或更多研究中的有效性相关联。本章总结了该研讨会的主要发现。
主要发现摘自各报告结论部分以及本特刊中的章节。注意到各项研究在干预方法方面存在许多一致性。这些发现将在以下标题下进行讨论：一般观察、参与、多重干预、干预问题、方法学问题以及从研究到实践的转化。还提出并讨论了建议的进一步研究领域。
通过对该研究的初步审查得出了10条对艾滋病毒预防干预措施有影响的原则。这些原则促使吸毒者参与干预；明确干预的目标行为和态度；建议优化外展服务的环境；并推荐强化措施，以巩固通过干预学到的知识、技能和态度。
吸毒群体受到艾滋病毒以及甲型、乙型和丙型肝炎病毒入侵的威胁。传播所有这些病毒都涉及相同的行为。第一代评估针对吸毒者开展的各种干预措施以预防艾滋病毒影响的研究一直都有令人满意的结果，证明可以帮助吸毒者改变其危险的吸毒行为，并在较小程度上改变其危险的性行为。艾滋病毒和艾滋病的毁灭性影响凸显了将这些研究结果转化给社区从业者的必要性。
